- Fruit: Bright Red Fruit (Raspberry, Cranberry, Red Cherry, Cherry Pit), *Tart Black Fruit (Black Cherry, Blackcurrant, Blackberry), Under-ripe Fruit Flavors
- Possible Carbonic Maceration and/or Stem Inclusion
- Floral: Violets, Lilacs, White and Red Flowers
- Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Blackcurrant Bud/Leaf, Green Bell/Serrano Pepper, Celery Seed, Grass, Sage, Tobacco, Weed
- Other: Leather, Cedar, Cigar Box
- *Earth: *High Minerality, Graphite/Pencil Lead, Gravel Dust
- Oak: Neutral FO (some top cuvees use NFO).
-Structure: Bone Dry to Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Cool Climate
Chinon [4]
Chinon [4]
- Fruit: Bright Red Fruit (Raspberry, Cranberry, Red Cherry, Cherry Pit), *Tart Black Fruit (Black Cherry, Blackcurrant, Blackberry), Under-ripe Fruit Flavors
- Possible Carbonic Maceration and/or Stem Inclusion
- Floral: Violets, Lilacs, White and Red Flowers
- Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Blackcurrant Bud/Leaf, Green Bell/Serrano Pepper, Celery Seed, Grass, Sage, Tobacco, Weed
- Other: Leather, Cedar, Cigar Box
- *Earth: *High Minerality, Graphite/Pencil Lead, Gravel Dust
- Oak: Neutral FO (some top cuvees use NFO).
-Structure: Bone Dry to Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Cool Climate
- *Fruit: *Black Fruit (Blackcurrant/Cassis, Blackberry, Black Cherry), *Slight Red Fruit and Plum
- Floral: Purple Flowers, Violets
- Herbal/Green: Sage, Green Bell Pepper, Mint, Tobacco, Dried Savory Herbs
- Spice (Savory): Green Peppercorn, Anise, Clove, Exotic Spices
- Other: Leather, Pencil Shavings, Cedar, Iodine, Medicinal, Game, Cigar Box
- Earth: Graphite, Gravel, Iron, Damp Soil, Mushroom
- Oak: Baking Spices, Clove, Smoke, Coffee, Vanilla, Roasted Nut, Cedar
-Structure: Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus to High Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Moderate-Temperate Climate
Bordeaux (Left Bank) Cabernet Sauvignon [5]
Left Bank Bordeaux - Cabernet Sauvignon [5]
- *Fruit: *Black Fruit (Blackcurrant/Cassis, Blackberry, Black Cherry), *Slight Red Fruit and Plum
- Floral: Purple Flowers, Violets
- Herbal/Green: Sage, Green Bell Pepper, Mint, Tobacco, Dried Savory Herbs
- Spice (Savory): Green Peppercorn, Anise, Clove, Exotic Spices
- Other: Leather, Pencil Shavings, Cedar, Iodine, Medicinal, Game, Cigar Box
- Earth: Graphite, Gravel, Iron, Damp Soil, Mushroom
- Oak: Baking Spices, Clove, Smoke, Coffee, Vanilla, Roasted Nut, Cedar
-Structure: Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus to High Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Moderate-Temperate Climate
- *Fruit: Ripe/Lush *Black Fruit (Blackcurrant/Cassis, Blackberry, Black Cherry), Lush *Red Fruit (Sweet Cherry, Raspberry), Boysenberry/Blueberry
- Floral: Purple Flowers, Violets
- Herbal/Green: Sage, Mint, Green Bell Pepper, Tobacco, Eucalyptus (possible)
- Spice (Sweet): Anise, Cocoa, Cinnamon, Clove, Allspice, Nutmeg
- Other: Cedar, Pencil Shavings, Sweet Leather, Cigar Box
- Earth: Volcanic/Ashen, Gravel, Loamy
- Oak: Allspice, Nutmeg, Clove, Smoke, Toast, -Coffee, Vanilla, Roasted Nut, Cocoa, Cedar
-Structure: Dry (with Ripe Attack), Full Body, Moderate Plus to High Tannin, Moderate Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
New World / Moderate Climate
California Cabernet Sauvignon [6]
California Cabernet Sauvignon [6]
- *Fruit: Ripe/Lush *Black Fruit (Blackcurrant/Cassis, Blackberry, Black Cherry), Lush *Red Fruit (Sweet Cherry, Raspberry), Boysenberry/Blueberry
- Floral: Purple Flowers, Violets
- Herbal/Green: Sage, Mint, Green Bell Pepper, Tobacco, Eucalyptus (possible)
- Spice (Sweet): Anise, Cocoa, Cinnamon, Clove, Allspice, Nutmeg
- Other: Cedar, Pencil Shavings, Sweet Leather, Cigar Box
- Earth: Volcanic/Ashen, Gravel, Loamy
- Oak: Allspice, Nutmeg, Clove, Smoke, Toast, -Coffee, Vanilla, Roasted Nut, Cocoa, Cedar
-Structure: Dry (with Ripe Attack), Full Body, Moderate Plus to High Tannin, Moderate Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
New World / Moderate Climate
- Fruit: Ripe/Lush *Black Fruit (Cassis/Blackcurrant, Blackberry, Black Cherry), Ripe/Lush *Red Fruit (Red Cherry, Red Plum), *Prune
- Floral: Purple Flowers, Violets
- Herbal/Green: Intense Green Character, Eucalyptus, Mint, Green Bell Pepper, Sage
- Spice (Sweet): Licorice/Anise, Cocoa, Cinnamon, Clove, Allspice, Nutmeg
- Other: Cedar, Pencil Shavings, Leather, Cigar Box
- Earth: Terra Rossa/Red Soils, Loamy/Clay
- Oak: Baking Spices, Clove, Smoke, Coffee, Vanilla, Roasted Nut, Cedar
-Structure: Dry (with Ripe Attack), Moderate Plus Body, Moderate to Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate to Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
New World / Moderate Climate
Coonawara Cabernet Sauvignon
Amarone della Valpolicella (Corvina) [4]
- Fruit: *Ripe/Syrupy *Red Fruit (Red Cherry, Red Plum, Raspberry), Black Cherry, Blackberry, *Prune, Raisin, Dried Cherry
- *Significant Volatile Acidity and Oxidation Likely
- *Floral: Highly Floral, Roses, Dried Flowers
- Spice: Licorice, Cinnamon
- *Other: Honey, Chocolate, Resin, Tar, Leather, Bitter Almond, Smoke, Tobacco Ash, Game
- Oak: Large Neutral Casks, Modern producers may incorporate new barrels
-Structure: Dry to Off Dry (max. 12 g/l RS), Full Body, Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, High Alcohol
Old World / Moderate Climate
- Fruit: Ripe/Syrupy *Red Fruit (Red Cherry, Red Plum, Raspberry), Black Cherry, Blackberry, Prune, Raisin, Dried Cherry
- Significant Volatile Acidity and Oxidation Likely
- Floral: Highly Floral, Roses, Dried Flowers
- Spice: Licorice, Cinnamon
- Other: Honey, Chocolate, Resin, Tar, Leather, Bitter Almond, Smoke, Tobacco Ash, Game
- Oak: Large Neutral Casks, Modern producers may incorporate new barrels
-Structure: Dry to Off Dry (max. 12 g/l RS), Full Body, Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate Plus Acidity, High Alcohol
Old World / Moderate Climate
Amarone della Valpolicella (Corvina)
Beaujolais Gamay
- Fruit: *Tart Red Fruit (Strawberry, Red Cherry, Raspberry, Cranberry, Red Currant), Watermelon
- Carbonic Maceration Notes: Pear Drop, Banana, Bubblegum, Cotton Candy, Lifted Red Fruit/Floral Aromatics
- *Floral: Violets, Lilacs, Peonies
- Other: Slight Black Pepper, Dry Savory Herbs
- *Earth: Wet Granite, Stony, Crushed Rock
- Oak: None or Neutral Casks
-Structure: Dry, Moderate Minus to Moderate Body, Low to Moderate Minus Tannin, Moderate Plus to High Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Moderate Climate
- Fruit: Tart Red Fruit (Strawberry, Red Cherry, Raspberry, Cranberry, Red Currant), Watermelon
- Carbonic Maceration Notes: Pear Drop, Banana, Bubblegum, Cotton Candy, Lifted Red Fruit/Floral Aromatics
- Floral: Violets, Lilacs, Peonies
- Other: Slight Black Pepper, Dry Savory Herbs
- Earth: Wet Granite, Stony, Crushed Rock
- Oak: None or Neutral Casks
-Structure: Dry, Moderate Minus to Moderate Body, Low to Moderate Minus Tannin, Moderate Plus to High Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
Old World / Moderate Climate
Beaujolais Gamay
- Fruit: Cooked to Dried Red Fruits (Strawberry, Cherry, Raspberry), Roasted Red Plum, Blackberry, Raisin/Fig
- *Possible Volatile Acidity, Oxidation
- Floral: Red Flowers, Dried Lavender
- *Herbal: Herbes de Provence, Garrigue/Wild Brush, Rosemary, Brewed Black Tea, Savory Herbs
- *Spice: Curing Spices, Black Pepper, Juniper, Clove, Licorice, Lavender
- *Other: Powdered Sugar, Dried Orange/Grapefruit Peel, Old Leather/Brettanomyces
- *Earth: Stony/Gravelly, Baked Earth
- Oak: Large Neutral Casks (foudres) or Concrete Vats, although some modern special cuvée styles may incorporate smaller barrels and new oak
-Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus to Full Body, Moderate to Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate to Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
Old World / Warm Climate
Chateauneuf-du-Pape (Grenache-dom)
Chateauneuf-du-Pape (Grenache-dom)
- Fruit: Cooked to Dried Red Fruits (Strawberry, Cherry, Raspberry), Roasted Red Plum, Blackberry, Raisin/Fig
- *Possible Volatile Acidity, Oxidation
- Floral: Red Flowers, Dried Lavender
- *Herbal: Herbes de Provence, Garrigue/Wild Brush, Rosemary, Brewed Black Tea, Savory Herbs
- *Spice: Curing Spices, Black Pepper, Juniper, Clove, Licorice, Lavender
- *Other: Powdered Sugar, Dried Orange/Grapefruit Peel, Old Leather/Brettanomyces
- *Earth: Stony/Gravelly, Baked Earth
- Oak: Large Neutral Casks (foudres) or Concrete Vats, although some modern special cuvée styles may incorporate smaller barrels and new oak
-Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus to Full Body, Moderate to Moderate Plus Tannin, Moderate to Moderate Plus Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
Old World / Warm Climate
- Fruit: *Cooked/Stewed *Strawberry, Maraschino Cherry, Prune, Fig, Raisin, Plum Pie
- Possible Volatile Acidity, Oxidation
- Floral: Red Flowers
- *Herbal: Mint, Menthol, Eucalyptus, Black Tea Leaf, Dried Savory Herbs
- *Spice: Curing Spices, Black Pepper, Licorice
- *Other: Powdered Sugar, Possible Old Leather, Brettanomyces
- *Earth: Crushed Vitamin
- Oak: Neutral to Moderate Use of New French or American Oak
-Structure: Dry (with a Ripe, Sappy Attack), Moderate Plus to Full Body, Moderate Tannin, Moderate Acidity, High Alcohol
New World / Warm Climate
Australian Grenache (South Australia)
Australian Grenache (South Australia)
- Fruit: Cooked/Stewed Strawberry, Maraschino Cherry, Prune, Fig, Raisin, Plum Pie
- Possible Volatile Acidity, Oxidation
- Floral: Red Flowers
- Herbal: Mint, Menthol, Eucalyptus, Black Tea Leaf, Dried Savory Herbs
- Spice: Curing Spices, Black Pepper, Licorice
- Other: Powdered Sugar, Possible Old Leather, Brettanomyces
- Earth: Crushed Vitamin
- Oak: Neutral to Moderate Use of New French or American Oak
-Structure: Dry (with a Ripe, Sappy Attack), Moderate Plus to Full Body, Moderate Tannin, Moderate Acidity, High Alcohol
New World / Warm Climate
