1
Q
How are Catholic churches useful for Catholics?
A
- They can worship together (particularly at Mass)
- Or they can pray alone
2
Q
How does the design and decoration of Church help Christians?
A
- Helps to aid and inspire worship
- By encouraging Christians to reflect on God & on their faith
3
Q
How do images help to aid & inspire worship?
A
- E.g. Stations of the Cross
- inspires Christians to reflect on Jesus’ sufferings
4
Q
How do statues of saints help to aid & inspire worship?
A
- Inspires Christians to follow their examples
5
Q
How do side chapels help to aid & inspire worship?
A
- Smaller areas where believers can pray in a quiet space
6
Q
Why do churches built since 1965 place more emphasis on the position of the altar?
A
- Is the focal point of the Mass
7
Q
How were pre-1965 Catholic churches built?
A
- facing east towards Jerusalem (city where Jesus died and rose)
- in the shape of a cross
- altar against east wall (however congregation didn’t feel involved as a result)
8
Q
How are c.1965 Catholic Churches built?
A
- ensured that all congregation can join in with mass
- altar towards centre of church
9
Q
What are the main features of a Catholic church?
A
- Lectern
- Altar
- Crucifix
- Tabernacle
10
Q
What is the significance of the lectern?
A
- OT readings remind Christians how God has guided people from beginning
- NT readings tell Christians about Jesus’s life
- In a prominent place so congregation can hear the word of God
- Jesus -> Word made flesh -> Christ present in readings
11
Q
What is the significance of the altar?
A
- Place of sacrifice -> where the bread & wine is offered to God
- Link to Christ’s sacrifice -> death -> bread & wine consecrated
- Christ present on altar -> offered to Father on behalf of humanity
12
Q
What is the significance of the tabernacle?
A
- houses Real Presence of Christ -> Catholics like to pray in front of it
- inspires peace -> reminder that Christ is still caring for us
- host saved in tabernacle for those who are too ill to attend Mass
13
Q
Why may some churches prefer to use an altar?
A
- Place of sacrifice & thanskgiving
- most important altar is the cross on which Jesus died -> link to consecrated bread & wine
14
Q
Why may some churches prefer to use a table?
A
- Re-enacts Last Supper -> Jesus told disciples to eat Body & drink Blood (‘given up for you’)
- therefore Jesus was sharing his sacrifice w/ disciples -> table is a reminder of this belief
15
Q
Why may some Catholics prefer to use a crucifix?
A
- Reminder of Jesus’s sacrifice -> for humanity -> therefore Catholics use as a sign of their appreciation
16
Q
Why may some Catholics prefer to use a cross (without Jesus’s figure)?
A
- symbol of Christ’s victory over sin & death -> not on cross because he has risen
- preferable to use than religious art depicting Jesus
- emphasises resurrection & that Christians should be people of new life
17
Q
Why may some Catholics prefer to use a ‘Risen Christ’?
A
- reminder of what Catholics receive in communion
- similar to the cross; emphasises importance of resurrection
18
Q
What is the relationship between free will & sin?
A
- People can sin because God gave humans free will
- Catholic Church teaches original sin (all people are born bound to commit inbuilt sin)
- Sin broke the relationship between God, humanity & the whole of creation
19
Q
How did Jesus’ death restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?
A
- Jesus lived his life in total obedience to the will of God the Father
- Therefore this helped to restore the relationship between God & humans that had been broken by sin
20
Q
How did Jesus’ resurrection restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?
A
- Jesus showed total obedience -> stopped from going to hell
- Therefore his resurrection destroyed the ultimate power of sin & death & restored harmony of creation, in order to help people to overcome this in order to be w/ God after death
21
Q
How did Jesus’ ascension restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?
A
- 40 days after resurrected -> Jesus in heaven to take his place along God as Son of God
- Helped to restore cosmic order -> by making creation as perfect as God intended it to be
22
Q
What do the four steps signify?
A
- That life no longer ends at death
- Hope that like Jesus that will resurrect and be eternal w/ God
23
Q
What are the four steps that Jesus took to redeem humanity, relationship between God & the whole of creation?
A
- Death
- Burial
- Resurrection
- Ascension
24
Q
What is the significance of Jesus’ death & burial?
A
- Death redeemed humanity (total obedience) -> continued to show love in suffering
- Christians believe when Jesus was buried he joined everyone who died before him -> therefore God is with us even in death
25
Give a quote to show how Jesus's resurrection is central to faith
- "If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins." - 1 Corinthians 15:17
26
What is the significance of Jesus' resurrection?
- Made life after death possible -> by destroying power of sin & death
- When resurrected those who died before Jesus rose to heaven w/ him
27
What is the Catholic significance of Jesus' resurrection?
- Appeared to followers in a locked room -> proof that he had risen from dead
- For Catholics, resurrection accounts in Bible show the resurrection actually happened -> rather than myths in Genesis creation
28
What is the significance of Jesus' ascension?
- Jesus is w/ Father -> glory shared for eternity
- before ascension Jesus promised to send his Spirit to all people
- gives believers faith that they will also be raised up to heaven (Jesus' rising up w/dead, relationship restored)
29
Why is salvation possible?
- Jesus redeemed humanity through his death
30
What does salvation mean for Christians?
- Saved from sin & eternal separation from God
31
What are the focuses of liturgy in Mass?
- Redemption
- Salvation
32
What is the significance of salvation in the past?
- Jesus' death & resurrection essential to humanity's salvation (defeated sin & death)
33
What is the significance of salvation in the present?
- Catholics believe redemption & salvation are ongoing processes -> sin and death still exist (original sin) however can be overcome because of resurrection
- Holy Spirit therefore guides people to work towards salvation
34
What is the significance of salvation in the future?
- Salvation will be completed at the end of time
- sin and death destroyed when Kingdom of God fully established
- then all believers can share Christ's glory & joy of heaven -> final victory of God's grace
35
What is the significance of redemption & salvation in the liturgy?
- Catholic belief -> redemption ongoing -> because Christs offering to Father on cross is re-enacted in Mass
- Holy Communion -> Catholics receive Body & Blood -> nourishment of Christ for grace & resist sin -> closer to salvation
- Mass is a chance to experience heavenly banquet
36
What is the heavenly banquet?
- Celebration of complete salvation -> Everyone in heaven has a meal together -> therefore Mass inspires Christians to work towards salvation in everyday life
37
What is the difference between redemption & salvation?
- Redemption -> making up for everyone's sins to bring humans back into relationship w/ God
- Salvation -> freedom from sin which allows humans to be w/ God eternally
38
Why is Jesus described as the example, restorer & victor?
- Set an example to follow
- Restored relationship between God and humanity
- Victory over sin & death
39
How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the example?
- Went through w/ crucifixion (obedience) -> example
40
How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the restorer?
- After death the temple veil that separates holy part of Church tore in two -> death broken down barrier between God & humanity -> restorer
41
How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the victor?
- presence of God during suffering as a human to become share victory of sin & death -> victor
42
How does John 20 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?
- Mary didn't recognise Jesus after he appeared to her post-resurrection
- Suggests he entered a new creation
- Reflects idea that redemption changed creation making it more perfect
43
How does Acts 1 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?
- After Jesus ascended to heaven, two angels told the disciples he would return in the future
- Shows that Jesus will complete redemption when sin & death defeated at end of time
44
How does Acts 2 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?
- On Pentecost (50 days after resurrection), apostles filled w/ power of the Holy Spirit
- Shows that the HS gave apostles ability to teach about Jesus -> so people can accept redemption
45
What is a metaphor?
- A word or phrase that is applied to something else to suggest the two things are similar
46
How does St Ireneaus use metaphors?
- Metaphor of a **tree** to compare the event that created the need for salvation (Adam and Eve disobeying eating from tree of the knowledge of good & evil)
- w/ the event that brought about this salvation (Jesus' death) -> represented by a 'tree' of the cross in which Jesus obeyed God by dying on the tree that restored relationship & brought eternal life
47
How does St Anselm use metaphors?
- Compared Jesus' death w/ idea of paying ransom to free a slave
- Anselm said after Adam & Eve, humanity became slaves to sin
- Only way to atone (make up) for this is by showing total obedience -> Jesus did the same -> equivalent to paying 'ransom'
48
What are the strengths of St Irenaeus' thoughts on salvation?
- Helps to show parallels between fall of Adam & Eve and Jesus' death
48
What are the weaknesses of St Irenaeus' thoughts on salvation?
- Not all Christians agree w/ Irenaeus' interpretation of Adam & Eve
49
What are the strengths of St Anselm's thoughts on salvation?
- Reflects idea that many Christians see themselves as slaves to Christ (now they are no longer slaves to sin)
50
What are the weaknesses of St Anselm's thoughts on salvation?
- Not clear on who the 'ransom' is paid to
- Some Christians think this implies there is someone greater than God
51
What do Christians believe about conscience?
- Voice of God in their heart and soul
- Guides them to make the right choices
52
Give a quote to help explain the meaning of conscience
- "Conscience is the most secret core & sanctuary of a man... alone with God, Whose voice echoes in his depths... conscience reveals that law which is fulfilled by love of God & neighbour."
- Shows that the Church believes conscience is the voice of God, which prompts people to show love towards others & obey God's law
53
What are the two sides of conscience?
- Natural instincts (natural law -> Catholics instinctively do good & avoid evil)
- Conscience has to be 'educated' (Ability to do the right thing is only achieved with enough teaching from the Church)
54
What does the Catholic Church teach about conscience?
- people shouldn't ignore what they believe God is telling them in their hearts
- natural law means that all people instinctively know what the right thing to do is
- listening to others can help a person to understand the effects of their actions in order to be confident in them using conscience correctly
55
What is Mass in terms of redemption?
- Mass is a re-enactment & celebration of Jesus' death, through which humans are redeemed
- Through the Mass, Catholics believe that they are brought closer to Christ, accept redemption, and are given the power & grace to resist the temptation to sin
56
What are the most central points of the Mass?
- Gospel reading
- Eucharistic prayer
57
What happens during the start of Mass & what does it mean?
- Catholics apologise to God and each other for their sins
- Strengthens relationship w/ God & each other, as they accept that God has forgiven & redeemed them
58
What happens during the readings & what does it mean?
- At least 2 readings are given from the Bible, w/ one always taken from the Gospels
- Readings remind Catholics that God has guided his people
- Through the Gospel, Jesus shows in his words & actions how God loves, heals, restores & forgives all people
59
What happens during the start of the Eucharistic Prayer and what does it mean?
- Priest repeats words that Jesus said at the Last Supper
- Command to eat & drink enables Christians to share in Jesus' offering made to God on the cross
60
What happens at the end of the Eucharistic Prayer & what does it mean?
- Jesus in now truly present in Bread & Wine -> 'Do this in memory of me' -> Eucharist reality and not past event
- Offered up to God the Father -> renewal of new covenant that restores relationship between God & humanity at Jesus's death
61
What do Catholics believe about the 'source' in the "source and summit" of Christian life at Mass?
- offering of Christ on the cross is highest form of prayer to God
62
What do Catholics believe about the 'summit' in the "source and summit" of Christian life at Mass?
- Body & Blood give life to soul, just as normal food gives life to human body
- offering Sunday Mass is reflective of 'keep holy the Sabbath day', as it celebrates the day of resurrection
63
What do Orthodox Christians believe about the Eucharist?
- SImilar to Catholics (consecration)
- however different -> mass has to be celebrated with others unlike one priest alone -> emphasis on ritual -> consecration behind iconostatis (screen that divides holy part of church from congregation because consecration is too holy to be seen)
64
What do Anglican Christians believe about the Eucharist?
- some similar to Catholics (consecration)
- some not in belief of consecration
- universal belief that Christ is present
65
What do Quakers believe about the Eucharist?
- No celebration of Eucharist
- Belief that Christ present in Spirit, who inspires actions
- No sacraments as belief that whole life is sacrament
66
What is the Blessed Sacrament?
Christ is truly present in the consecrated Bread & Wine
67
What are the words of institution?
- words Jesus said at the Last Supper (e.g. "Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you)
- bread & wine look the same but the reality of what they are changes -> e.g. 'this is my body' is said instead of 'this symbolises my body'
- by taking Christ's Body & Blood, his followers are able to share in the redeeming effects of his death & resurrection
68
What is Agnus Dei?
- prayer said shortly before communion (e.g. "Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us..."
- Last Supper -> passover meal celebrating Jews' escape from Egypt (God ordered Jews to mark doors w/ blood to save themselves of Angel of Death)
- Jesus is the new Lamb of God -> sacrifice of death -> Agnus Dei reminds Christians of this
69
What is Eucharistic adoration?
- belief of bread & wine shown in prayers & rituals used in Mass in the way the Blessed Sacrament is respected & honoured by Catholics
- some Catholics receive Communion on tongue rather than hand to remind them they are receiving Jesus
- Eucharistic Adoration shown in service of Benediction
70
What is the service of Benediction?
- service where consecrated Bread put on display in a monstrance (large holder)
- Real Presence of Christ praised & congregation blessed w/ Real Presence
GCSE RE
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