Regional Interdependence

Question 1

The theory that an area of complaint can be influenced by a system distant from that area

Answer 1

Regional Interdependence

Question 2

The ability to control unwanted movement

Answer 2

Stability

Question 3

The ability to move freely in a desired direction

Answer 3

Mobility

Question 4

What is the body’s primary objective (think NMS wise)?

Answer 4

Stability!

Question 5

There are 4 types of mechanoreceptors. Types ____ are MOVEMENT based

Answer 5

1-3 (GTOs, muscle spindles, Ruffini, Pacinian)

Question 6

Type 4 mechanoreceptors are what?

Answer 6

Nociceptors (Pain) - unmyelinated free nerve endings

Question 7

The joint-by-joint theory states that joints can be classified into these two categories based on their primary need:

Answer 7

1. Stability Joint

2. Mobility Joint

Question 8

Name the MOBILITY joints in the J-by-J theory (6)

Answer 8

• upper cervical spine
• thoracic spine
• shoulder
• wrist
• hip
• ankle

Question 9

Name the STABILITY joints based on the J-by-J theory (7)

Answer 9

• lower cervical spine
• lumbar spine
• scapulothoracic
• elbow
• hand
• knee
• foot

Question 10

Dr. _______ observed that polio patients and low back pain patients moved similarly

Answer 10

Vladimir Janda

Question 11

Dr. Janda discovered two main individual syndromes. Name them

Answer 11

• Upper crossed syndrome

- Lower crossed syndrome

Question 12

What is it called when both U/C and L/C syndromes are present?

Answer 12

Layer syndrome (stratification syndrome)

Question 13

Dr. Janda’s two classes of muscles?

Answer 13

1. Postural muscles

2. Phasic muscles

Question 14

According the Dr. Janda, postural muscles are prone to becoming ___ and ___, and are ____ (facilitated/inhibited)

Answer 14

Short, tight

Facilitated

Question 15

According to Dr. Janda, phasic muscles are prone to becoming ___ and ___, and are ____. (Facilitated/inhibited)

Answer 15

Long, weak

Inhibited

Question 16

According to Dr. Janda are the following muscles postural (facilitated) or phasic (inhibited)?

• tibialis anterior
• glut max
• glut med
• rectus abdominus
• lower and middle traps
• longus capitus and colli
• deltoids
• digastrics

Answer 16

Phasic (inhibited)

Question 17

According to Dr. Janda are the following muscles postural or phasic?

• triceps surae
• hamstrings
• adductors
• rectus femoris
• psoas
• erector spinae
• quadratus lumborum
• pec major/minor
• upper traps
• SCM
• suboccipitals

Answer 17

Postural

Question 18

___ crossed syndrome impacts the position and function of the diaphragm (among others)

Answer 18

Upper

Question 19

Name the muscles of upper crossed syndrome that are facilitated (hyperactive) (5)

Answer 19

1. Upper traps
2. Levator scapulae
3. SCM
4. Pec major/minor
5. Suboccipitals

Question 20

Name the 3 muscles that are inhibited (hypoactive) in upper crossed syndrome

Answer 20

1. Deep neck flexors
2. Lower traps
3. Serratus anterior

Question 21

Deep hyperlordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, slight hip flexion, slight knee flexion, thoracolumbar hyperkyphosis, leg external rotation…this is the classic postural presentation of ____

Answer 21

Lower crossed syndrome

Question 22

Name the facilitated muscles in lower crossed syndrome (4)

Answer 22

1. Lumbar paraspinals
2. Rectus femoris
3. Iliopsoas
4. TFL

Question 23

Name the 3 inhibited muscles in lower crossed syndrome

Answer 23

1. Abdominals
2. Glut max
3. Glut med/min

Question 24

What is the commonality of ALL trunk muscles?

Answer 24

They all possess the ability to influence the orientation of the pelvis and/or the spine

Question 25

The ___ is designed to withstand axial loading in a neutral position

Answer 25

Spine