1
Q
What are the private pilot eligibility requirements?
A
- Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon.
- Be at least 16 years of age for a rating in a glider or balloon.
- Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
- Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
a) Conducted the training or reviewed the person’s home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and
b) Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test. - Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part.
- Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
- Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and
- Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test.
- Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test.
- Pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought.
- Comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
- Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate, sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.
2
Q
Which regulation number for eligibility requirements for a private pilot?
A
61.103
3
Q
What are the training requirements for a private pilot certificate?
A
Must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and the training must include at least:
- 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane;
- 3 hours of night flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes:
a) One cross-country flight of over 100 NM total distance;
b) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop at an airport.
- 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight & level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;
- 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a single-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;
- 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane, consisting of at least:
a) 5 hours of solo cross-country time;
b) One solo cross-country flight of 150 NM total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 NM between the takeoff and landing locations;
c) 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop at an airport with an operating control tower.
4
Q
What regulation is the training requirements for a private pilot certificate?
A
61.109
5
Q
What are the privileges and limitations for a private pilot?
A
- No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft.
- A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if:
(1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and
(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. - A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
- A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight described in § 91.146, if the sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of § 91.146.
- A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and control of:
(1) A local, State, or Federal agency; or
(2) An organization that conducts search and location operations. - A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer.
- A private pilot who meets the requirements of § 61.69 may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle.
- A private pilot may act as pilot in command of an aircraft without holding a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter provided the pilot holds a valid U.S. driver’s license, meets the requirements of § 61.23(c)(3), and complies with this section and all of the following conditions and limitations:
(1) The aircraft is authorized to carry not more than 6 occupants, has a maximum takeoff weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and is operated with no more than five passengers on board; and
(2) The flight, including each portion of the flight, is not carried out :
(i) At an altitude that is more than 18,000 feet above mean sea level;
(ii) Outside the United States unless authorized by the country in which the flight is conducted; or
(iii) At an indicated airspeed exceeding 250 knots; and
(3) The pilot has available in his or her logbook :
(i) The completed medical examination checklist required under § 68.7 of this chapter; and
(ii) The certificate of course completion required under § 61.23(c)(3).
6
Q
What regulation is the privileges and limitations of private pilot?
A
61.113
7
Q
What are the commercial pilot eligibility requirements?
A
- Be at least 18 years of age;
- Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
- Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
a) Conducted the required ground training or reviewed the person’s home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.125 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and
b) Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought. - Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.125 of this part;
- Receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
a) Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and
b) Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test. - Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;
- Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;
- Hold at least a private pilot certificate issued under this part or meet the requirements of § 61.73; and
- Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
8
Q
What regulation number for commercial pilot eligibility requirements?
A
61.123
9
Q
What are the training requirements for a commercial pilot certificate?
A
Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:
- 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes.
- 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least -
a) 50 hours in airplanes; and
b) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which at least 10 hours must be in airplanes. - 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(1) of this part that includes at least -
a) en hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a single engine airplane;
b) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered, or for an applicant seeking a single-engine seaplane rating, 10 hours of training in a seaplane that has flaps and a controllable pitch propeller;
c) One 2-hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
d) One 2-hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
e) Three hours in a single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test. - Ten hours of solo flight time in a single engine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a single engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (a)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(1) that include -
a) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 nautical miles total distance, with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 nautical miles; and
b) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.
10
Q
What regulation number for commercial pilot training requirements?
A
61.129
11
Q
What are the privileges and limitations of commercial pilot?
A
a) Privileges -
(1) General. A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft -
(i) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation; and
(ii) For compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation.
(b) Limitations.
(1) A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category or powered-lift category rating and does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class will be issued a commercial pilot certificate that contains the limitation, “The carriage of passengers for hire in (airplanes) (powered-lifts) on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.” The limitation may be removed when the person satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements listed in § 61.65 of this part for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft listed on the person’s commercial pilot certificate.
12
Q
What regulation for the privileges and limitations of a commercial pilot?
A
61.133
13
Q
Which regulation goes over flight instructor records?
A
61.189
14
Q
State the flight instructor records regulation.
A
- A flight instructor must sign the logbook of each person to whom that instructor has given flight training or ground training.
- A flight instructor must maintain a record in a logbook or a separate document that contains the following:
1. The name of each person whose logbook that instructor has endorsed for solo flight privileges, and the date of the endorsement; and
2. The name of each person that instructor has endorsed for a knowledge test or practical test, and the record shall also indicate the kind of test, the date, and the results. - Each flight instructor must retain the records required by this section for at least 3 years.
15
Q
What information goes into a logbook entry? Which regulation is it?
A
Regulation: 61.51:
- Date
- Aircraft Make & Model
- Aircraft Identification
- Location of Departure & Arrival
- Type of Experience
- Flight Conditions
- Total Flight Time
16
Q
Which regulation is Solo Requirements?
A
61.87
17
Q
Which regulation talks about the aeronautical knowledge portion of solo requirements?
A
61.87(b)
18
Q
What does 61.87(b) require?
A
The student pilot must demonstrate satisfactory knowledge on a knowledge test that addresses the student pilot’s knowledge of: applicable sections of part 61 and 91, airspace rules and procedures of the airport where the solo flight will be performed and flight characteristics and operating limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The authorized instructor must administer the test and at the conclusion of the test, review all incorrect answers with the student.
19
Q
Which regulation talks about pre-solo flight training?
A
61.87(c)
20
Q
What does 61.87(c) require?
A
Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot must have:
Received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown and demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by this section in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be flown.
21
Q
What is the 90 day solo flight regulation?
A
61.87(n)
22
Q
What does 61.87(n) require?
A
A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student pilot has received an endorsement in the student’s logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown by an authorized instructor who gave the training within the 90 days preceding the date of flight.
23
Q
Which regulation involves solo cross-country requirements?
A
61.93
24
Q
What is the form 8710-1?
A
An FAA form that must be filled out prior to applying for a certificate or rating. The applicant must fill it out and the instructor must sign it.
25
Which regulation talks about the prerequisites before taking a practical test?
61.39
26
Which regulations in 61.39 require logbook endorsements?
61.39(a)(6)(i, ii, iii)
27
What must the endorsement state in 61.39(a)(i and ii)?
For the student to be eligible for the practical test, they must have an endorsement in their logbook signed from an authorized instructor stating that they have received and logged training time within 2 calendar months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test and that the applicant is prepared for the required practical test.
28
What is the endorsement for 61.39(a)(iii)?
The applicant must have a logbook endorsement signed by an authorized instructor who certifies that the applicant has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which the applicant was found deficient on the airman knowledge test.
29
Except for a certificate issued with an expiration date, in what circumstances is the certificate no longer valid?
If the certificate is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
30
Do paper student pilot certificates have an expiration date?
Yes. A paper student pilot certificate must have been issued prior to April 1, 2016.
For student pilot's who have not reached their 40th birthday, 60 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
For student pilots who have reached their 40th birthday, 24 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
31
Do pilot certificates have an expiration date?
No
32
Do flight instructor certificates have an expiration date?
Yes, a flight instructor certificate expires 24 calendar months from the month in which it was issued, renewed, or reinstated, as appropriate.
33
Does a ground instructor certificate have an expiration date?
No.
34
Which regulation number goes over the duration of pilot and instructor certificates?
61.19
35
What must a pilot do if they are changing their legal name?
Send in an application accompanied with their airman certificate and a copy of a document verifying the name change.
36
When is a type rating required?
A person who acts as a pilot in command of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft:
1. Large aircraft
2. Turbojet-powered airplanes
3. Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures.
37
What is considered a large aircraft?
An aircraft with more than 12,500 pounds maximum certified takeoff weight.
38
What is considered a complex airplane?
An airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller.
39
What additional training is required for operating a complex airplane?
No person may act as PIC of a complex airplane, unless that person has:
1. Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a complex airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane.
2. Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot's logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operating a complex airplane.
40
What is considered a high-performance airplane?
An airplane with an engine of more than 200 HP.
41
What additional training is required for operating of a high-performance airplane?
No person may act as PIC of a high performance airplane, unless that person has:
1. Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a high-performance airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a high-performance airplane, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane.
2. Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot's logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies . the person is proficient to operate a high-performance airplane.
42
What is considered a pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high altitudes?
An aircraft that has a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude, whichever is lower, above 25,000' MSL.
43
What additional training is required for operating a tailwheel airplane?
No person may act as PIC of a tailwheel airplane unless that person has received and logged flight training from an authorized instructor in a tailwheel airplane and received an endorsement in the person's logbook from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a tailwheel airplane. The flight training must include at least the following maneuvers and procedures:
1. Normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings.
2. Wheel landings.
3. Go-around procedures.
44
What is the regulation number for type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements?
61.31
45
What is the maximum time a temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating can be issued?
120 days
46
What circumstances cause a temporary certificate to expire?
1. On the expiration date shown on the certificate.
2. Upon receipt of the permanent certificate.
3. Upon receipt of a notice that the certificate or rating sought is denied or revoked.
47
What must a pilot do if they receive a DUI?
They shall provide a written report to the FAA no later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action.
48
When must a person hold a first class medical certificate?
1. When exercising the pilot-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate.
49
When must a person hold a second class medical certificate?
1. Second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in part 121 of this chapter.
2. Privileges of a commercial pilot certificate.
50
When must a person hold a third class medical certificate?
1. When exercising the privileges of a private pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, or student pilot certificate.
2. When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and acting as pilot-in-command or as a required flight crew member.
3. When taking a practical test in an aircraft for private, recreational, commercial, ATP, and flight instructor.
4. When performing the duties as an examiner in an aircraft when administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization
51
When is a medical certificate NOT required?
1. When exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking:
a. A sport pilot certificate with glider or balloon privileges.
b. A pilot certificate with a glider category rating or balloon class rating.
2. When exercising the privileges of a sport pilot certificate with privileges in a glider or balloon.
3. When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating or balloon class rating in a glider or a balloon, as appropriate.
4. When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with:
a. A sport pilot rating in a glider or balloon; or
b. A glider category rating.
5. When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate if the person is not acting as PIC or serving as a required pilot flight crew member.
6. When exercising the privileges of a ground instructor certificate.
7. When serving as an examiner or check airman and administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device.
8. When taking a practical test or a proficiency check for a certificate, rating, authorization or operating privilege conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device.
52
What are the requirements for BasicMed?
A person using a U.S. driver's license to meet the requirements while operating under the conditions and limitations of 61.113(i) must meet the following requirements. The person must:
1. Comply with all medical requirements or restrictions associated with his or her U.S. driver's license.
2. At any point after July 14, 2006, have held a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter.
3. Complete the medical education course set forth in 68.3 of this chapter during the 24-calendar months before acting as PIC in an operating conducted under 61.113(i) and retain a certification of course completion in accordance with 68.3(b)(1) of this chapter.
4. Receive a comprehensive medical examination from a State-licensed physician during the 48 months before acting as PIC of an operation conducted under 61.113(i) and that medical examination is conducted in accordance with the requirements in part 68 of this chapter.
53
What is the duration of a first class medical certificate?
Under 40: 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
40 or older: 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
54
What is the duration of a second class medical certificate?
Any age: 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
55
What is the duration of a third class medical certificate?
Under 40: 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
40 or older: 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.
56
What is the regulation number for medical certificates?
61.23
57
What are requirements for the knowledge test?
An applicant for a knowledge test must have:
1. Received an endorsement, if required by this part, from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished the appropriate ground-training or a home-study course required by this part for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge test.
2. Proper identification at the time of application that contains the applicant's:
- Photograph
- Signature
- Date of birth
3. If the permanent mailing address is a post office box number, then the applicant must provide a current residential address.
58
What is the regulation number for pre-requisites for a knowledge test?
61.35
59
What are the requirements to retake a practical or knowledge test after failure?
An applicant for a knowledge or practical test who fails that test may reapply for the test only after the applicant has received:
1. The necessary training from an authorized instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test; and
2. An endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the applicant the additional training.
60
What type of training must a person log?
1. Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review of this part.
2. The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience requirements of this part.
61
What information for each flight must a person log?
1. General
- Date
- Total flight time or lesson time
- Location where the aircraft departed and arrived, or for lessons in a flight simulator or flight training device, the location where the lesson occurred.
- Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device.
- The name of a safety pilot, if required by 91.109 of this chapter.
2. Type of pilot experience or training:
- Solo
- Pilot in command
- Second in command
- Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor
- Training received in a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device from an authorized instructor
3. Conditions of flight
- Day or night
- Actual instrument
- Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device.
62
How does someone log solo flight time?
Except for a student pilot performing the duties of pilot-in-command of an airship, a pilot may log as solo flight time only that flight time when the pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft.
63
When may a person log PIC time?
A sport, recreational, private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in command flight time for flights:
1. When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated.
2. When the pilot is the sole occupant in the aircraft.
3. When the pilot performs the duties of PIC while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command.
64
What is required for logging training time?
A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device.
The training time must be logged in a logbook and must:
1. Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and
2. Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the authorized instructor's signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.
65
What does a flight review consist of?
A flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:
1. A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and
2. A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.
66
Is a flight review required for a person to act as pilot-in-command?
No person may act as PIC of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has:
1. Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor; and
2. A logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.
67
What are the recency requirements for operating an aircraft whilst carrying passengers?
No person may act as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers unless that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, and:
1. The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; and
2. The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type, and if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a tailwheel, the landings must be made to a full stop in an airplane with a tailwheel.
Flight Instructor Oral Exam Guide
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