Relational Development

Question 1

All our relationships are a product of __

Answer 1

Communication

Question 2

1. Self-disclosure, nonverbal warmth, empathetic listening, development of trust
2. Closeness is a product of congruence, acceptance and understanding

Answer 2

Phenomenological Approach

Question 3

1. AKA the Transactional Approach
2. Emphasis of social exchange
3. Assessing the rewards and costs of the relationship
4. Prevalence of economic metaphors

Answer 3

Rewards vs Costs Approach

Question 4

1. Self-disclosure is reciprocal, especially towards the middle of the relationship when semi-private information is being shared.
2. Penetration is rapid at the start but slows down once the inner layers are reached.
3. De-penetration is likewise a gradual layer by layer withdrawal

Answer 4

Social Penetration Theory

Question 5

Why self-disclose

Answer 5

Rewards vs Costs

Question 6

Maximize the ___ while minimizing ___

Answer 6

Benefits

Costs

Question 7

1. It happens gradually, from superficial to intimate levels of exchange
2. A function of immediate and forecasted outcomes

Answer 7

Closeness

Question 8

Personality structure is like a

Answer 8

Multilayered onion

Question 9

Closeness is a product of

Answer 9

Self-disclosure

Question 10

Depth of penetration depends on (2)

Answer 10

1. Degree of personal disclosure

2. Degree of intimacy in friendship and romance

Question 11

Relational Outcome =

Answer 11

Relational Benefits-Costs

Question 12

Determines if a relationship is meaningful

Answer 12

Minimax Principle

Question 13

1. How happy or sad an interpersonal outcome makes us feel
2. Points of reference
3. The threshold above which an outcome seems attractive
4. Pegged on our relationship history: baseline of past experience

Answer 13

Comparison Level

Question 14

1. Would this relationship be more rewarding if it was with another person
2. What is the worst outcome that I’m willing to tolerate of I’m to stay in the relationship

Answer 14

Comparison Level of Alternatives

Question 15

Proponent of the Uncertainty Reduction theory

Answer 15

Charles Berger

Question 16

1. Used to gain knowledge and create understanding

2. Used to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability

Answer 16

Human communication

Question 17

8 Axioms to address uncertainty

Answer 17

1. Verbal Communication
2. Nonverbal Warmth
3. Information Seeking
4. Self Disclosure
5. Reciprocity
6. Similarity
7. Liking
8. Shared Networks

Question 18

High levels of uncertainty increase verbal communication. As uncertainty decreases, verbal output

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

Nonverbal warmth reduces initial uncertainty. As uncertainty decreases, nonverbal warmth

Answer 19

Increases

Question 20

High levels of uncertainty increase information seeking behavior. As uncertainty decreases, information seeking

Answer 20

Decreases

Question 21

High uncertainty reduces self disclosure. As uncertainty decreases, self disclosure

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

High levels of uncertainty generate high rates of reciprocity. As uncertainty decreases, reciprocity

Answer 22

Decreases

Question 23

Similarities __ uncertainty

Dissimilarities __ uncertainty

Answer 23

Reduce

Increase

Question 24

High uncertainty ___ liking

Reducing uncertainty ___ liking

Answer 24

Decreases

Increases

Question 25

Shared communication networks ___ uncertainty. | Lack of shared networks ___ uncertainty.

Answer 25

Decrease | Increases

Question 26

We create plans to reduce uncertainty.

Answer 26

Plan-based communication

Question 27

Strategies in construction plans (4)

Answer 27

1. Information seeking 2. Plan complexity 3. Hedging 4. The Hierarchy Hypothesis

Question 28

Passive vs active strategy

Answer 28

Information seeking

Question 29

No. of layers or steps; no. of contingency measures

Answer 29

Plan complexity

Question 30

Prepare for a way out

Answer 30

Hedging

Question 31

Lowering of expectations

Answer 31

The hierarchy hypothesis

Question 32

Computer Mediated Communication is not suited for (2)

Answer 32

1. Task Oriented Communication | 2. Relational Communication

Question 33

Proponent of the Social Information Processing theory

Answer 33

Joseph Walther

Question 34

Issues with CMC (2)

Answer 34

1. Lack of nonverbal cues | 2. Reduced Interactivity

Question 35

Cues Filtered Out Approaches (3)

Answer 35

1. Social Presence Theory 2. Social Psychological Aspects of Online Com 3. Information Richness Theory

Question 36

Proponent of the Social Presence theory

Answer 36

Williams and Christie Short

Question 37

Communicators pay less attention to other participants because there are less codes and channels available in the medium. Messages tend to be impersonal.

Answer 37

Social Presence theory

Question 38

Proponent of Social Psychological aspects of Online Comm

Answer 38

Kiesler

Question 39

CMC has reduced context cues so that senders cannot easily alter the mood of a message, communicate a sense of individuality, exercise dominance or charisma. Sense of anonymity and less individually.

Answer 39

Social psychological aspects of Online Comm

Question 40

Proponents of the Information Richness theory

Answer 40

Daft and Lengel

Question 41

Media vary in terms of richness according to the number of cue systems they convey, the immediacy of feedback, the capacity for natural language. Media rich technologies are suited for interpersonally demanding tasks.

Answer 41

Information Richness Theory

Question 42

Timing your message

Answer 42

Chromenics

Question 43

The Hyperpersonal perspective affects 4 things

Answer 43

1. Selective self-presentation 2. Overattribution of Similarity 3. Communicate at your convenience 4. A looking glass self develops

Question 44

1. No fear of contradiction from actual appearance 2. Downplaying or avoiding negative traits 3. Management of the cyber-image through self-disclosure over time

Answer 44

Selective self-presentation

Question 45

We attribute characteristics to people based on what they say and what they do

Answer 45

Attribution

Question 46

1. Reliance of verbal behavior limits what we know about the sender of the message 2. We use what we know to create an idealized image of the sender 3. Assumption that the person is "like me" since we likely have shared interests, given the context of meaning

Answer 46

Overattribution of Similarity

Question 47

1. Partners can be relational without having to be co-present 2. Relaxed time constraint, can be a plus for partners in different time zones 3. Allows for more deliberate message composition: more planning, editing comments

Answer 47

Communicate at your convenience

Question 48

1. Affirmation of the initial impressions created by the verbal exchange 2. Receivers create a hyper positive or ideal image of their partner 3. This image is fed back through the verbal exchange

Answer 48

A looking glass self develops

Question 49

Proponents of the Social Penetration theory

Answer 49

Altman and Dalmas Taylor