Reliability And Validity

Question 1

What is Internal Validity?

Answer 1

-Looks at how behaviour was defined and measured within the study

Question 2

What is Face Validity ?

Answer 2

• If something looks like it will measure what it is suppose to measure.
• For Example is IQ measuring really measuring how intelligent somebody is

Question 3

What is Construct Validity ?

Answer 3

• If the measures relate to the assumed characteristics of what is being assessed
• For example does a driving test assess different aspects of driving skill

Question 4

What is Concurrent Validity ?

Answer 4

When a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been validated

Question 5

What is Criterion Validity?

Answer 5

• Can include concurrent validity and or predictive validity
• The extent to which a measure can predict the performance or behaviour of the measured thing
• For example the extent to which GCSE results can predict A Level Results

Question 6

What is External Validity?

Answer 6

• Looks at factors outside of the study such as who the study is aimed at or to be representative of
• Where we can generalise the findings of behaviour

Question 7

What is Ecological Validity ?

Answer 7

• Refers to whether a study reflect real life situations
• If it does its mundane realism
• If its low the results of behaviour cannot be generalised to what would occur in real life

Question 8

What is Population Validity ?

Answer 8

• Whether a sample is representative of the wider target population of the study
• If its low you cant generalise the study’s results

Question 9

What Extraneous Factors affect Validity and Reliability ?

Answer 9

• Participant
• Situational
• Experimenter

Question 10

What is Internal Reliability ?

Answer 10

• Whether the procedure of a study is standardised so that each participant experiences the same thing.
• Each participant is measured the same way

Question 11

What research methods have high Internal Reliability?

Answer 11

• Experiments and controlled observations can have high internal reliability.
• Have controls, can be replicated and checked for consistency

Question 12

What is the key to replicating research ?

Answer 12

-Standardised procedures

Question 13

What research methods are less reliable ?

Answer 13

• Case Studies, Semi and Unstructured interviews
• Impossible to replicate
• Cant see how consistent the results are

Question 14

What is External Reliability ?

Answer 14

• The results of a procedure can be replicated from one time to another.
• Used to help support the findings of a study.
• If a study has external reliability its measurements should produce consistent results if used again and again.

Question 15

What is Inter-Rater Reliability ?

Answer 15

• Where there is one or more observer who carries out the same study
• The more they agree, the higher the inter-rater reliability.
• A correlation of 80% or more is considered high inter-rater reliability

Question 16

What is Split-Half Method?

Answer 16

• Applies mainly to self-reports
• The results in two halves of a questionnaire are similar.
• This may involve putting repeat questions in the questionnaire – asked in a slightly different way
• To check how reliable participants are being when they answer the questions.

Question 17

What is the Test-Retest Method ?

Answer 17

• Testing participants more than once.
• To be a reliable test, one person should get the same or very similar score on the same test on two or more separate occasions.
• It could be that the measure is given to the same group of people twice – ie at the beginning and end of the month
• Or it could involve the results on two tests being similar so we can assume the test is reliable.