Renaissance

Question 1

How could the 16th century motet be written?

Answer 1

The 16th century motet could be written for many different sacred texts giving church composers more freedom to express the words while the text for the five sections of the Mass always stayed the same.

Question 2

What are 2 things about embellishing chant with extra notes?

Answer 2

-Creating graceful rhythms.
-Smoothing out awkward passages.

Question 3

What does a hymn have?

Answer 3

The chordal music with different verses.

Question 4

Tell me about The Italian Madrigal (New Secular Vocal Genre)

Answer 4

-A form of popular music dating back to 1530.
-A short secular composition with 4-6 voices- one singer per part
-Typically a love poem.

Question 5

What happened in 1600-1623?

Answer 5

In 1600-1623 English composers contributed to a collection of 23 madrigals in Queen Elizabeth’s honor called The Triumphs of Oriana. Each on ends with the same refrain: Long live fair Oriana!

Question 6

Who was William Byrd?

Answer 6

A famous English Renaissance composer.

Question 7

Characteristics of hymn?

Answer 7

-Choir of high and low voices
-Homophonic setting of Gregorian chant “Ave Maris Stella”
-Alternation of plainchant and homophony.

Question 8

Points of imitation.

Answer 8

Brief passages of imitative polyphony using a single melodic motive.

Question 9

Who was Thomas Weelkes?

Answer 9

A Cathedral organist- choirmaster

Question 10

Tell me about Thomas Weelkes.

Answer 10

He contributed to the Triumphs of Oriana.

Question 11

How many voices appear in “Ave vesta was from Latmos Hill Descending”

Answer 11

6 voices.

Question 12

The madrigal, “As vesta was from latmos hill descending” was the epitome of what?

Answer 12

Texting painting.

Question 13

What are some common qualities of sacred music in the Renaissance?

Answer 13

-Tempo and dynamics change very little over the course of a piece of music.
-The rhythm is fluid, without any sharp accents.
-The melodies never go very high or very low.
-Texture, dynamics, and mood stay relatively constant in a piece.

Question 14

What did the best 16th century composers concentrated primarily on?

Answer 14

Vocal music as it was much more prominent than instrumental music.

Question 15

What is homphony?

Answer 15

All voices move together in essentially the same rhythm (rich chordal quality)

Question 16

What term is used to describe rich tone color?

Answer 16

Sonority

Question 17

What did the church say about complicated Polyphony?

Answer 17

The church said complicated polyphony made the words hard to understand.

Question 18

What is declamation

Answer 18

Words sung in a natural way with rhythms and melodies, similar to speech.

Question 19

What did the legend say about the council of Trent and Palestrina?

Answer 19

Legend is the council of Trent was going to ban polyphony in the church and Palestrina rushed in at the last minute with his Mass dedicated to the pope.

Question 20

What was the most widespread Renaissance instrumental genre?

Answer 20

Dance

Question 21

What made the dance steps easier for the dancers?

Answer 21

Easy-to-follow repeated phrase 4 to 8 bars long.
Forms: aabb or aabbcc

Question 22

What are shawms?

Answer 22

Double-reed, early oboes.

Question 23

What are sackbuts?

Answer 23

Early trombones.

Question 24

What technique began to be used in notated music in the 15th century?

Answer 24

Homophonic music in a harmonic, chordal texture.

Question 25

What was the most popular large-scale musical composition of the Renaissance?

Answer 25

The five movement Mass.

Question 26

Most polyphony became _____ during the high Renaissance, as heard in this passage of Joaquin Desprez’s pange Lingua Mass “kyrie”.

Answer 26

Imitative.

Question 27

Where is Gregorian hymn tune heard?

Answer 27

Heard in highest voice with harmonized paraphrased notes.

Question 28

Which term refers to a brief passage of imitative polyphony that usually uses a single melodic motive?

Answer 28

Point of imitation.

Question 29

Why was the motet a popular genre among composers of the 16th century?

Answer 29

Unlike the Mass, which always used the same text, motets could be written for a variety of texts, giving church composers new means of expression.

Question 30

Italian and English madrigals are both?

Answer 30

Secular genres.

Question 31

Dances led to the rise of instrumental music in the ____ period.

Answer 31

Baroque.

Question 32

What is an important aspect of dance music in the Renaissance?

Answer 32

Easy-to-follow phrases, almost always four to eight bars long.

Question 33

The period from 1480 to 1620 marked the first great phase of what?

Answer 33

European exploration and military and cultural colonization of other parts of the world.

Question 34

How did Christian missionaries in Lima force Andeans to accept Christianity?

Answer 34

Missionaries abolished native singing and dancing at native festivals while encouraging these practices at Christian festivals.

Question 35

The song “Hanaq pachap kisikuynin” is ______

Answer 35

A hymn to the Virgin Mary.

Question 36

What musical textures were apart of the careful blend that characterized the High Renaissance style?

Answer 36

-Imitative polyphony -Homophony

Question 37

The period defined by complex currents of thought that resulted in major changes in European society began in the ____ century and lasted through the ______ century.

Answer 37

14th, 16th

Question 38

According to popular legs , Palestrina wrote the pope Marcellus Mass to convince the pope what?

Answer 38

It was possible to write polyphonic church music w/out obscuring the words.

Question 39

A short, secular composition from the Italian Renaissance that sets a one-stanza poem and features four to six vocal parts is called a what?

Answer 39

Madrigal.

Question 40

In “Ave Maris Stella”, Duffy altered the rhythms of the original plainchant, which was ____, changing it into a ____ melody.

Answer 40

Free rhythm; triple meter.

Question 41

What countries was madrigal very popular?

Answer 41

Italy and England.

Question 42

Which developments were the result of Renaissance composers’ devotion to the ideal of expressing words in music?

Answer 42

Word painting and declamation.

Question 43

Tell me about Pope Marcellus Mass, from the Gloria. -By Palestrina

Answer 43

-Composer was important in the counter- reformation. -Uses 6 voc parts w/ changing textures. -Sung a cappella style without instruments. -Mostly homophonic. -The purpose of the Mass is to clearly worship God.

Question 44

Pange lingua Mass, from the Gloria. Gloria.

Answer 44

-Homophony -Points of imitation

Question 45

Renaissance composers, employed the following techniques to aid the expression of emotions through text except for -

Answer 45

Simultaneous texts

Question 46

What is especially notable about Joaquin Desprez’s Chanson “Millie regrets”?

Answer 46

The mood of the music carefully matches the meaning of the words.

Question 47

What did the counter reformation seek to reform about the music of the church?

Answer 47

It recommended that extravagant musical elements be removed from church services 

Question 48

Pange lingua Mass, from the Gloria. Kyrie points of imitation.

Answer 48

1. Tenor entrance 2. Bass entrance 3. Soprano entrance

Question 49

Who was Joaquin Desprez?

Answer 49

The first master of the high Renaissance composing 18 masses, Motets, and chansons.

Question 50

Josquin, chanson, “Millie regrets”

Answer 50

-French love song -A lover’s lament -Expressive use of meaning of the text -The sad, slow mood of the music expresses the meaning of the text 

Question 51

What is imitation? 

Answer 51

Voices echo each other, repeating a motive or phrase. 

Question 52

Music in a chordal structure with the Melody on top

Answer 52

Composed homophony.

Question 53

Who was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina?

Answer 53

He was a singer or choir master at many famous churches in Rome.

Question 54

Characteristics of mass. 

Answer 54

-Four voice part paraphrase mass. -predominant texture is imitative polyphony. -melodic material for the mass is from Gregorian chant hymn Pange lingua.

Question 55

What did declamation help?

Answer 55

Helped the words of the compositions to be clearly understood.

Question 56

What did Guillaume Dufay harmonize?

Answer 56

Paraphrased homophonic hymn, “Ave Maris Stella” a hymn about the Virgin Mary 

Question 57

What was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina instrumental in?

Answer 57

He was instrumental in the Catholic counter reformation that removed extravagant musical elements from church services 

Question 58

Paraphrase 

Answer 58

Embellishing chance with extra notes and smoothie and out melodic lines to emphasize the Sonorous aspect 

Question 59

What time frame did the Renaissance occur? 

Answer 59

1400-1600

Question 60

What is embellishing chant with extra notes called? 

Answer 60

Paraphrase 

Question 61

What is the most important prayer service of the Christian liturgy? 

Answer 61

Mass 

Question 62

What does renaissance mean? 

Answer 62

Rebirth 

Question 63

What is galliard? 

Answer 63

Fast dance in triple meter paired with pavan.

Question 64

What does Pavan?

Answer 64

Solemn dance in duple meter paired with galliard

Question 65

What did composers use chants as?

Answer 65

Melodies in the top voice instead of as a support in the bottom voice

Question 66

What was one thing about the Renaissance?

Answer 66

The revival of Greek and Roman culture 

Question 67

How did composers strive to unify the mass musically?

Answer 67

By standardizing a five – section form 

Question 68

What is a cappella?

Answer 68

Performance by voices alone without any instruments 

Question 69

What are five basic ordinary sections of the polyphonic mass?

Answer 69

- kyrie - Gloria -credo -Sanctus -Agnus Dei

Question 70

The first piece of elaborate music ever published in the New World was from the ___ empire and published in the year ____

Answer 70

Inca; 1631

Question 71

What is a word painting?

Answer 71

Composing music to match the meaning of the words being sung

Question 72

How many masses did Palestrina compose?

Answer 72

100

Question 73

Tempo and dynamics

Answer 73

Relatively constant

Question 74

Range

Answer 74

Not too high not too low

Question 75

Rhythm

Answer 75

Fluid