Renaissance

Question 1

Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture

Answer 1

• not based on church tradition but on mathematical clarity and rationality
• no need to point heavenward, but rather a balanced vertical and horizontal elements to reflect human proportions
• visually clear and rationally organized
• square and circles became the basic modules, using the Classical columns, arches, and entablatures from the Romans

Question 2

Vitruvius Ideal form

Answer 2

• symmetry and proportion were critical

- ideal systems of proportions can be found in the human body

Question 3

Fillipo Brunelleschi

Answer 3

• Renaissance artist
• founder of the new Renaissance Style
• rediscovered 3-d perspective drawing using mathematical scheme

Question 4

Examples of Renaissance architecture

Answer 4

1. Opedale degli Innocenti by Brunelleschi, in Florence, 15th c.
2. Dome of Santa Maria della Fiore by Brunelleschi, in Florence, 15th c.
3. Church of San Lorenzo in Florence by Brunelleschi, 15th c.
4. Santa Maria della Carceri, in Prato, by Brunelleschi, 15th c.
5. San Francesco by Alberti, in Rimini, 15th c.
6. Sant’ Andrea by Alberti, in Mantua, 15th c.
7. San Pietro by Bramante, in Vaticano Rome, 16th c.
8. Villa Badoer by Palladio, in Fratta Polesine, 16th c.
9. Villa Capra by Palladio, near Vincenza, 16th c.

Question 5

Ospedale degli Innocenti

Answer 5

• in Florence, 15th c., by Brunelleschi
• first example to depict mathematical proportions
• columns are spaced exactly as they are tall, resulting in square elevations
• columns are as far from the wall as they are high, resulting in cubed spaces
• arches are half as high as columns

Question 6

Mannerism’s characteristics

Answer 6

1. Rational order
2. Absolute balance
3. purity
   BUT, variations and deviations started to appear that gave tensions and playfulness in the designs

Question 7

Examples of Mannerism

Answer 7

1. Pallazzo del Te by Romano, in Mantua, 16th c.

2. House of the Architect by Romano, in Mantua, 16th c.

Question 8

Development of Technology in Renaissance

Answer 8

1. Birth of chemistry and physics
2. Development of calculus
3. Explorations in anatomy
4. New sources of powers are used, wind and Water
5. Development of mechanical clocks

Question 9

Examples of Baroque Architecture

Answer 9

1. Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio by Lunghi, in Rome, 17th c.
2. Santa Maria della Vittoria by Bernini, in Rome, 17th c.
3. Piazza de Saint-Peter by Bernini, in Rome, 17th c.
4. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane by Borromini, in Rome 17th c.
5. Sant’ Ivo della Sapienza in Rome, 17th c.

Question 10

Examples of Renaissance beyond Italy

Answer 10

1. Chateau de Versailles by Louis le Vau, 17th c.
2. Chateau Azay-le-Rideau, in Loire Valley, 16th c.
3. Banqueting House, Palace at Whitehall by Inigo Jones, in London, 7th c.
4. Blenheim Palace by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor, in Oxfordshire, 18th c.
5. Saint-Paul’s Cathedral by Christopher Wren, in England, 17th c.