What do ANPs do?
Act on the renal collecting tubules by promoting Na+ excretion
How much of the cardiac output passes through the kidneys?
20%
How does Renin act?
Converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I by removing a short amino acid chain
What is the outermost layer of the kidney?
Capsule
What is the ureter lined by?
Transitional epithelium
Where are the kidneys?
In the retroperitoneal space
What is the mechanism of anaemia in chronic renal failure?
Reduced production of erhythropoetin
How does urine pass through the ureter?
Peristalsis
Which kidney is lower?
Right because of the liver
Where is the left kidney?
T12-L3
`Where does the blood supply for the kidney come from?
Abdominal aorta
What is pre-renal kidney injury?
sudden reduction in blood flow to the kidney
What is renal kidney injury?
Loss of filtration ability of the kidney
What is post-renal kidney injury?
Obstruction in urinary tract below kidneys cases waste build up
Causes of pre-renal kidney injury
- Severe blood loss
- Low BP
- Severe dehydration
- Severe burns
Causes of renal kidney injury
- Diabetes
- heart disease
- Obesity
Causes of post-renal kidney disease
- Kidney stones
- Enlarged prostate
- Impaired bladder emptying
- Blood clots in ureter/urethra
- Cancer of prostate, cervix or colon
Most common causes of chronic renal failure
- Diabetes
- High BP
- Kidney damage
- PCKD
- Blocked urinary tract
- Glomerulonephritis
CKDu
- Absence of identified cause of CKD
- Affects adults between 30-50 in agricultural communities in Central Asia
3 risk factors for CKDu
Dehydration, pesticides. heavy metal exposure
