Renal Path

Question 1

What is the usual cause of Glomerulus disease?

Answer 1

Immune mediated

Question 2

Describe Atozemia

Answer 2

Biochemical abnormality with increased BUN and creatinine

Question 3

Name some symptoms seen in uremia

Answer 3

gastroenteritis, neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis

Question 4

What qualifies nephrotic syndrome from nephritic syndrome?

Answer 4

amount of proteinuria, 3.5 g/day to nephrotic

Question 5

What are some causes of renal tube defects?

Answer 5

inherited (RTA, cystinuria), acquired(lead)

Question 6

What is the GFR for Stage 2 renal disease?

Answer 6

GFR 20-50%

Question 7

Why are clearance tests used?

Answer 7

To determine transplant candidates, drug dosing and effectiveness of therapy

Question 8

What are some causes for a pre-renal increase in BUN?

Answer 8

high protein diet, catabolism, GI bleed, hemolysis, malignancy

Question 9

What are some causes for a pre-renal increase in Creatanine?

Answer 9

muscle hypertrophy, meat diet, steroid, exercise, necrosis

Question 10

When can a false (+) proteinuria test occur?

Answer 10

With hematuria, dilute urine or meds

Question 11

What gross symptoms are seen in recessive polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 11

enlarged kidneys and bile duct proliferation

Question 12

Name some additional abnormalities seen in ADPK?

Answer 12

liver cysts and berry aneurysms

Question 13

What protein is altered in ADPK? genes?

Answer 13

polycystin 1/216p13/2-4q21

Question 14

Occurence of horseshoe kidney?

Answer 14

1/500-1000 autopsies

Question 15

What is the function of mesangial cells?

Answer 15

Secrete inflammation mediators and make collagen

Question 16

What is the most common type of glomerulonephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 16

Minimal Change Disease

Question 17

Describe the risks and symptoms of nephrotic syndromes

Answer 17

hyopalbuminemia - pitting edema
hypogammaglobulinemia - risk of infections
hypercoagulable - loss of at III
hyperlipidemia - fatty casts in urine

Question 18

When is effacement of foot processes seen?

Answer 18

MCD, FSGS

Question 19

FSGS may be assoicated with these conditions.

Answer 19

HIV
heroin use
sickle cell disease
obesity

Question 20

This nephrotic disease exhibits spike and dome appearence on EM

Answer 20

Membranous Neuropathy

Question 21

Briefly describe the 2 types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Answer 21

Type I - subendothelial - associated with HBV/HCV- tram tracks
Type II - intramembranous - assoc with C3- overactivation and low levels of C3

Question 22

hallmark of nephrotic syndromes?

Answer 22

greater than 3.5 g/day

Question 23

What kidney disorder is associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 23

MCD

Question 24

Why does MCD respond so well to steroids?

Answer 24

Because the damages in MCD is mediated by cytokines and steroids block cytokine release

Question 25

When might one see FSGS?

Answer 25

HIV, heroin addiction, sickle cell ds, obesity

Question 26

What is the treatment for FSGS?

Answer 26

Ace or ARBS

Question 27

hallmark of Anti-GBN glomerulonephritis?

Answer 27

diffuse, linear pattern on IF

Question 28

When are crescents seen?

Answer 28

Rapidly Progressive/cresentic GN

Question 29

Which kidney disorder is associated with celiac sprue or liver disease?

Answer 29

IgA nephropathy, Berger's ds

Question 30

Describe the sx of Alport's disease

Answer 30

hematuria, proteinuria, nerve deafness, eye disorders

Question 31

What genes are mutated in ADPKD?

Answer 31

polycystin 1 - 16p13.3 | polycystin 2 - 2-4q21

Question 32

What is the typical outcome of ATN?

Answer 32

95% recover if they survive the initial event

Question 33

What are some causes of tubulointerstitial nephritis?

Answer 33

infection, toxins, metabolic ds, m.myeloma, chronic urinary tract obstruction, radiation, transplant rejection

Question 34

when are hyalinized arterioles/arteries seen on microscopy?

Answer 34

Nephrosclerosis, maliginant nephrosclerosis

Question 35

Diagnostic signs of renal artery stenosis?

Answer 35

abdominal bruits, high renin, string of pearls on arteriography

Question 36

What is angiomyolipoma?

Answer 36

tumors made out of vessels, smooth muscle and fat.

Question 37

What is the number one cause of nephrptic syndrome in adults?

Answer 37

FSGS

Question 38

When are subendothelial deposits seen on EM?

Answer 38

MPGN Type I

Question 39

When are subepithelial deposits seen on EM?

Answer 39

Membranous