Renal > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Histo descending loop of Henle

A

simple squamous

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2
Q

Histo ascending limb of Henle

A

simple cuboidal

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3
Q

pain from urinary bladder

A

pelvic splanchnic nerve –> S2-4

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4
Q

osmolality XXXX in the descending limb

A

increases dramatically

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5
Q

Toxicities of furosemide (OHHH)

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
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6
Q

Toxicities of furosomide (DANG)

A
  • Dehydration
  • Allergy (sulfa)
  • Nephritis (interstitial)
  • Gout
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7
Q

Mneumonic for toxicities of fusosemide

A

OHHH DANG

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8
Q

Pressure of glomerular capillaries

A

high

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9
Q

pressure of peritubular capillaries

A

low

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10
Q

Site for PTH-driven calcium reabsorption in the kidney?

A

DCT

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11
Q

RBF is what % of CO

A

20%

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12
Q

cell types in collecting tubules

A

principal cells and intercalated cells

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13
Q

Principal cells

A

resorb Na+ and H2O & secrete K+

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14
Q

site of aldosterone control

A 
Principal cells (inc Na reabsorp + K+ secretion);
also inc H+ secretion by interacalated cells
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15
Q

Efferent limb of the micturition reflex

A

Parasympathetic innervation of bladder: S2-4 –>pelvic splanchnic nn..

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16
Q

Micturition reflex causes

A

Contraction of the detrusor m & relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.

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17
Q

PTH –> kidney mediator of vit D

A

1-α-hydroxylase

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18
Q

(CH2O) = V – Cosm

A

free water clearance (ability to dilute the urine)

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19
Q

actions of angiotensin II

A
  • inc BP
  • inc Na/H ex & bicarb reabs in PCT
  • inc aldosterone
  • ind ADH
  • stim hypothal
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20
Q

Use of what class of diuretic leads to CH2O = 0?

A

Loop

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21
Q

renal cells that make EPo

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A

interstitial fibroblasts

22
Q

Which cells secrete renin?

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A

JGA smooth muscle

23
Q

three embryological remnants connect to bladder apex

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A

mediaN, mediaL, & lateral umbilical ligaments

24
Q

3 stimuli for renin production

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A

Dec RBP
Dec NaCL to DCT sensed by macula densa
Inc sympathetic tone

25
ACE inhibitors for HTN
decrease angiotensin sympathetic activity
26
Ph buffers are most effective within
1.0 pH unit of the pKa
27
Angotensin II ↑ Na/H ex & HCO3- reabs
PCT
28
ACE inhibitors for CHF
dec aldosterone --> dec intravascular volume
29
ACE inhibitors examples
captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
30
What determines reabsorption of water at the thin descending loop of Henle?
medullar hypertonicity & impermeability to Na+ --> passive reabsorption
31
3 toxicities of spironolactone
hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects
32
Reabsorption of filtered bicarb in PCT is directly coupled to renal H secretion via the action of
carbonic anhydrase & the Na/H+ antiporter.
33
How do renal PCT cells create a low intracellular Na+ (gradient)?
Na/K ATPase on the basolateral membrane extrudes Na from renal tubular cells into the interstitium,
34
Low intracellular Na facilitates movement of H into the renal PCT movement via
NA/H antiporter
35
PCT luminal H+ may combine with HCO3- via XXX
luminal carbonic anhydrase, located in the brush border of the PCT
36
CO2 in PCT lumen diffuses into PCT cell, where it is converted by
intracellular carbonic anhydrase back into H+ and HCO3-
37
PCT intracellular bicarb is transported through the BL membrane back into IF (--> blood) by
???? I DON"T KNOW!!
38
For each HCO3- filtered in the PCT, one XXXX is secreted into the renal tubular lumen.
H+
39
Why hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors?
decreased aldosterone effect (less K+ secreted by principal cells in the collecting tubules)
40
toxicities of ACE inhibitors (CAPTO)
``` cough angioedema pregnancy contraindication taste of metal hypOtension ```
41
toxicities of ACE inhibitors (PRIL)
Potassium elevation Rash Increased renin Low Angiotensin II
42
Renal prostaglandins vasodilate afferent articles -->
inc GFR (maintain)
43
NSAIDS inhibit renal prostaglandins -->
dec GFR
44
anion gap metabolic acidosis (MUD)
Methanol *(formate), metformin Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis
45
ACE inhibitors treat what three conditions?
HTN, CHF, Diabetes
46
Where is ACE made?
lungs
47
ANP effect on renin
decrease
48
ANP effect on GFR
increase
49
net effect of ANP
increase diuresis and dec interstitial edema
50
inc ANP levels are seen in patients with
pulmonary congestion
51
Losartan MOA
blocks angiotensin II type 1 receptors
52
Aliskerin MOA
Renin inhibitor
Renal
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