renal problem 2

Question 1

describe crescents

Answer 1

• a non-specific response to injury of the capillary wall
• physical gaps appear in the filtration barrier
• ‘rents’ allow circulating cells to generate inflammatory response, occurs in bowmans space -> proliferation of cells and fibrosis

more the crescents the more the injury

Question 2

characteristics of rapidly progressive GN

Answer 2

crescents

• deteriorating renal function
• related to antibody targeted at membrane

Question 3

hypertension therapy

Answer 3

• weight loss
• salt restriction
• exercise

Question 4

describe resistant hypertension

Answer 4

• despite optimal dose of 3 complimentary drugs (one which is a diuretic)
  still has high BP

Question 5

causes of resistant HT

Answer 5

• suboptimal therapy (diuretic, dose, complimentary)
• non-compliance
• competing drug
• white coat HT
• secondary HT

Question 6

types of UTI and the different symptoms

Answer 6

cystitis - an infection of the bladder

pyelonephritis - an infection of the upper urinary tract
-more systemic symptoms e.g. fever, loin pain

Question 7

treatment of UTI

Answer 7

antibiotics

• cystitis = 3-5 days oral
• pyelonephritis 7-10 days

Question 8

describe clinical symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

• massive proteinuria
• hypoalbuminaemia
• oedema

Question 9

describe clinical symptoms of nephritic syndrome

Answer 9

• haematuria (micro or macro)
• proteinuria
• hypertension
  oedema

Question 10

describe rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 10

deteriorating renal function with crescents on renal biopsy