Renal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the kidneys

Answer 1

1. Regulates BP
2. Removes toxins
3. Vitamin D activation
4. Erythropoietin production →RBC production in the bone marrow
5. Electrolyte regulation

Question 2

What is the Glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 2

GFR is the amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli each minute

Question 3

What is Oliguria

Answer 3

100 - 400 ml/day

An early warning sign related to poor urine output

Question 4

What is Anuria

Answer 4

< 100 ml/day

Late warning sign related to poor urine output

Question 5

What is Absolute anuria

Answer 5

nil - no output

Question 6

Nursing assessments for Kidney

Answer 6

• Fluid balance chart (FBC)
• Daily weight (1kg of weight = 1L retained fluid)
• Skin integrity
• Vital signs → EWS
• Capillary refill time (CRT)
• Palpate and/or scan the bladder
• Bloods – GFR, electrolytes, CBC
• Ability to manage ADLs

Question 7

Treatment aims

Answer 7

1. Aim to prevent it all together (high mortality rate)
2. Determine the cause and treat it eg manage MI, or give IV fluids etc
3. Supportive care while unwell – rest is important

Question 8

What are the 2 types of dialysis

Answer 8

• Haemodialysis

- Peritoneal dialysis