Renal system

Question 1

hyponatremia

Answer 1

level of sodium in the blood is abnormally low

-can occur if too much water is consumed too quickly

Question 2

osmoregulation

Answer 2

the balancing of water with solute concentrations across a cell membrane

• electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride
• non-electrolytes: glucose

Question 3

water intake comes from two sources. what are they

Answer 3

• ingested in the form of liquid or water in the food

- metabolic body water

Question 4

water loss can happen in various ways what are they

Answer 4

• urination and defecation
• sweating
• insensible water loss via evaporation

Question 5

when water loss is greater than water intake, the bodys fluids start to become …

Answer 5

body’s fluids start to become hypertonic and this causes the feeling of thirst

Question 6

renal system is comprised of

Answer 6

2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 7

the renal system does what

Answer 7

-cleanses the blood
-balance water and solutes
-form urine
-remove toxins, waste, extra water and electrolytes via micturition (urination)
-

Question 8

kidneys

Answer 8

main osmoregulatory organs of the body

Question 9

what do the kidneys accomplish

Answer 9

• maintain composition and volume of blood plasma
• regulate water, ion, pH levels
• retain nutrients
• excrete waste, toxins, excess electrolytes
• produce erythropoietin and renin
• regulate the activation of vitamin D
• glycogenesis

Question 10

the suprarenal capsule housed the

Answer 10

adrenal glands

Question 11

when stimulated the adrenal glands secrete which hormones

Answer 11

• corticosterioid hormones: cortisol and corticosterone
• aldosterone
• androgens
• epinephrine (adrenaline)
• norepinephrine

Question 12

corticosteroid hormones are released under the direction of the

Answer 12

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 13

where does ultrafiltration occur?

Answer 13

at the glomerular capillary/nephron interface that ultrafiltration occurs

Question 14

the glomerulatra capillary bed does what?

Answer 14

facilitates higher blood pressure and as a result specializes in pushing things out of the blood and into the initial part of the nephron

Question 15

the peritubular capillary bed does what?

Answer 15

has lower pressure so it is uniquely designed to encourage the reabsorption of compounds from the nephron back into the blood

Question 16

uretheral meatus

Answer 16

prevents the back flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters

Question 17

what does the stretching of the trigone doe

Answer 17

sends an action potential to the brain telling you you have to pee

Question 18

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 18

smooth muscle

involuntary

Question 19

external urethral sphincter

Answer 19

skeletal muscle

voluntary

Question 20

medullary nephron

Answer 20

excels at water conservation

Question 21

cortical nephron (cortex)

Answer 21

good at cleansing the blood

Question 22

the renal medulla specifically the pyramids contain

Answer 22

collecting ducts and loops of henle