How do researchers display their work
What format do they display and why
Researchers use reports that follow a structured format to ensure clarity, rigor and ease of use
What are the main sections and what order must they be in
- Title
- Abstract (all)
- Introduction (insane)
- Method (monkeys)
- Results (rarely)
- discussion (do)
- references (revision)
- Appendices
What is an abstract and what does it contain
Why is it important
An abstract is a summary of the entire report and is found at the very beginning. But is written last when writing the report
It allows readers to quickly determine whether the research is relevant to their own study. Speeding up research processes
What is an introduction and what does it include
An introduction provides the academic background of the study and why the research took place
It can include the aim and hypothesis of the study acting as a guide to existing research
What is the method and what is the purpose
What does the method include
The method is a detailed guid on how the research was conducted. it allows researchers to know if the research was conducted carefully and provides the option of easy replication
. It should contain
- Design (design type, research method, control aspects etc)
- Participants (sampling method, number of participants etc)
- Materials used such as equipment
- Procedure (A step-by-step guid on how to conduct the study
What are the results and what should be included
It is the section for summarising the data collected
Can include a results table of descriptive statistics e.g. standard deviation
An analysis of the statistical test calculation. Are the results significant
What is a reference and why is it important
The reference list allows the readers to locate the original sources
Important because:
- Gives credit to other researchers and acknowledges their ideas
- Helps to avoid plagiarism
What are the components for a reference citation
Name of the authors (Never)
Year published (yield)
Title (To)
City published (creepy)
publisher (pirate)
Pages used (parrots)
What are the major features of science and explain them
CORE
Control - High internal validity?
Objectivity - Does the researcher views or ideas impact the study
Replicability - Is it operationalised/ can be easily replicated
Empirical - \Observable ideas/evidence to prove something
What is hypothesis testing
Theories are modified by hypothesis testing which tests the validity of a theory
What is falsification
Theories evolve due to hypothesis testing aiming to prove a theory/idea false
What is a Theory
A framework/exploration for describing a behaviour. It may be based on on empirical data resulting from hypothesis testing
How can you conduct a theory
Inductive approach
Deductive approach
What is the inductive approach for conducting a theory
observation - testable hypothesis - conduct a study to test the hypothesis - Draw conclusions - Propose the theory
What is the deductive approach for conducting a theory
Observation - Propose theory -Testable hypothesis - Conduct a study to test the hypothesis - Draw conclusions
What is a paradigm
Consists of shared sets of assumptions about the subject matter of a discipline and the methods appropriate to its study
What is a paradigm shift
Change from one way of thinking to another based on empirical evidence
It is referred to as ‘scientific resolution’
e.g. Approaches
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Experimental design, types, peer review, pilot study45
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sampling techniques and ethical issues, case studies16
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Self-report techniques and observations17
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correlations and data handling and analysis18
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Content analysis, Thematic analysis, Reliability, Validity23
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inferential statistics18
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Reports17
