List the main tumours that occur in the reproductive system, include the nomenclature, location, cell of origin & nature (benign/malignant)
List the main causes & potential consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Causes:
The STIs Gonorrhoea & Chlamydia
Consequences:
Inferitlity
Ectopic pregnancies
Adhesions
Peritonitis
Sepsis
It is a leading cause of ectopic pregnancy due to scarring and adhesions. Adhesions may form between the GIT, urinary and reproductive systems causing possible obstructions and fistula formation
The inflammation may result in the walling-off of the infected ovaries in an attempt to contain the infection thus forming abscesses, if these structures rupture the result is peritonitis, which can be fatal. If the infection gets into the blood the result is sepsis, also possibly fatal
List the possible consequences of endometriosis
Bleeding causes inflammation and organisation. The scar tissue can cause obstruction to the fallopian tubes, bowel, bladder etc
And increases likelihood of ectopic pregnancy
What are the possible complications of cryptorchidism?
Problems that arise from having undescended testicles:
Trauma, cancer, infertility, Psychological (prosthesis can overcome mass deficit from absence of
testis).
List some examples of teratogens, why do we test for STIs in pregnancy
- Infections like Zika, Rubella, syphilis
- Drugs like thalidomide, cytotoxic drugs, warfarin, anti-epileptics/mood stabilisers including sodium
valproate & carbamazepine - Alcohol & irradiation
- Maternal transmission of Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea can cause conjunctival scarring of the new-born’s
eyes but is not strictly speaking teratogenic
What two diseases increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
gestational diabetes & Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
