Pathology 3000 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

(58 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Lobule

A

Made of small ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non-neoplastic conditions (2)

A
  1. Fibrocystic changes (hormonally driven)

2. Inflammatory conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A

Hormonally driven
Fibrosis -cystically dilated ducts
Pre-menopausal young adults
Very common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute mastitis

A

Inflammatory condition
Lactating women
Can lead to abcess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibroademona

A 
Benign tumors
20-30yo
Often self-detected lump
Biphasic tumors
Taken out surgically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biphasic tumors

A

Epithelial proliferation and stromal proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carcinoma of the breast

A

Most common malignant tumor in women (1/9)
Rises from epithelium of breast ducts and lobules
Can metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ

A

Precursor lesions
Proliferation of cancerous cells limited to the duct
No invasion through basement membrane - cannot metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors of breast cancer

A 
Female > male
Family history, genes
White>African>East Asians
Post-menopausal women
Estrogen excess
Non-malignant proliferative breast changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

A

Self detection
Mammographic screening
Distant metastasis
Breast biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prognosis in breast cancer

A

Stage, tumor type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status (treatment potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Breast cancer metastases

A

Most common site is to regional lymph nodes of the axilla

Can distantly metastasize to brain, liver, lung, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tissue tupe of vulva, vagina, exocervix

A

Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tissue type of endocervix

A

Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tissue type of myometrium

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue type of endometrium

A

Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tissue type of fallopian tubes

A

Ciliated, tubal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Follicles

A

Contained in ovaries

Oocytes and sex cord cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ovaries

A

Connective tissue stroma, oocytes and sex cord cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormonal regulation of female reproductive system

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypothalamus secretions

A

Secretes GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pituitary secretions

A

Secretes FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ovarial follicle secretions

A

Secretes estrogen - ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Corpus luteum secretions

Study These Flashcards
A

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

25
Follicular phase
Characterized by rising estrogen
26
Luteal phase
Characterized by rising estrogen and progesterone
27
Phases of endometrium
Proliferative, secretory, menstrual (shedding)
28
Bacterial infections (4)
1. Neisseria gonorhea 2. Tremponema pallidum (syphilis) 3. Streptococcus and staphylococcus 4. Chlamydia trachomatis
29
Viral infections (2)
1. Genital herpes | 2. HPV
30
Fungal infections
Candida albicans (yeast infection)
31
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Upper gynecologic tract General term to describe inflammation/infection that ascends from lower to upper genital tract Polymicrobial: chlamydia, gonorrhea, others Causes inflammation, abscess formation, scarring Can have no symptoms, pain, fever, infertility
32
Endometriosis
Foci of endometrium found outside uterus Most often located on ovary, pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tube, vagina Retrograde menstrual flow Causes cyclic pain, infertility
33
Uterine fibroid
Very common neoplasms of smooth muscle
34
Squamous cell carcinoma
Vulva, vagina, cervix | Many are HPV related
35
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of the myometrium - smooth muscle
36
Tumors of the uterus (2)
1. Endometrium: carcinoma | 2. Myometrium: leiomyoma
37
Tumors of the ovaries (3)
1. Tumors of surface epithelium 2. Germ cell tumors 3. Sex cord stromal tumors
38
Tumors of fallopian tube
Carcinoma
39
Human Papilloma virus
Variety of pathologies (depending on virus type) Infection, sometimes neoplasia High and low risk
40
Low risk HPV
``` 6 + 11 Condyloma accuminatum (warts) and low risk lesions ```
41
High risk HPV
16 + 18 Premalignant lesions of cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis Invasive squamous cell carcinoma
42
Diagnosis on pap (5)
1. Negative 2. Atypical cells of undetermined significance 3. LSIL 4. HSIL 5. Carcinoma
43
Colposcopy
In the event of an abnormal pap | To visualize cervix for biopsy
44
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
Related to hyperestrinism - obesity, hormone replacement therapy May be preceded by endometrial hyperplasia Occurs in perimenopausal, postmenopausal women
45
Solitary cysts (2)
1. Follicular cysts | 2. Corpus luteum cyst
46
Polycystic ovary syndrome (POS)
Associated with hormone disturbances, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, infertility
47
Tumors of surface epithelium (ovaries)
Malignant: serous or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Benign: serous or mucinous cystadenoma
48
Germ cell tumors (ovaries)
``` Teratoma Usually less than 25 yo Arise from primordial germ cells that migrate from yolk sac in early embryogenesis Mature embryonic tissues Occasionally malignant ```
49
Sex cord stromal tumors (ovaries)
Granulosa cell tumor
50
Pregnancy
Fertilization (spermatozoa + oocyte in fallopian tube) Inplantation (zygote implans in endometrium) Placenta, fetal sac and fetus develop
51
Placenta parts (3)
1. Chorionic villi 2. Maternal vessels 3. Amniotic membranes
52
Pathology of pregnancy (3)
1. Fertilization problems 2. Implantation problems 3. Placental problems
53
Fertilization problems
Abnormal ovum or sperm
54
Implantation problems
PID - fallopian tube scarring | Ectopic pregnancy
55
Placental problems (2)
1. Placenta previa | 2. Placenta accreta
56
Placenta previa
Covers cervical os | Needs C section, bleeding during pregnancy
57
Placenta accreta
Penetrates into uterine wall Into myometrium, and occasionally beyond Placenta does not separate properly at birth, may cause extensive bleeding and require surgery
58
Ectopic pregnancy
Implantation outside of uterine cavity Fallopian tube > ovary > pelvic peritonium Often caused by scarring from PID, prior surgery, endometriosis Pain, or rupture of fallopian tube Medical emergency
Pathology 3000
flashcards
Decks in class (14)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions