Research

Question 1

what are the different categories of quantitative study designs (break it down) (4)

Answer 1

1- experimental vs. observational study
2- exp: RCT vs. non-RCT
3- obs: analytical (comparison grp) vs. descriptive (no comparison)
4- analytical:
*exp -> outcome: cohort
*outcome -> exp: case-control
*exp and outcome at same time: cross-sectional study

Question 2

what are differences between analytical and descriptive observational studies (4)

Answer 2

1-descriptive generates hypothesis, analytic tests hypothesis
2- desc has no comparison group; ana has comparison group
3- desc about measures of disease occurance; ana about measures of disease association
4- desc asks, “what is the distribution of disease X in a population”; ana asks, “what is the effect of exposure to factor X on outcome Y”

Question 3

what is the difference between RR and OR (3)

Answer 3

1- RR (relative risk) is a ratio of probabilities (Incidence-exp/Incidence-un) – OR (odds ratio) compares events with non-events, it is a ratio or ratios
2- OR can overestimate risk if disease is more common
3- RR and OR can be similar if disease is rare

Question 4

define bias (1)

Answer 4

1- Systematic deviation of a study’s result from a true value leading to an overestimation (positive
bias) or underestimation (negative bias) of the measure of association

Question 5

what are ways of controlling for bias in a study - i.e. at what points in conducting a study (5)

Answer 5

1- Design: ensure study design is appropriate for
addressing hypothesis
2- Procedures: establish procedures for identifying,
enrolling, and following/retaining study subjects
3- Execution: establish procedures for data
definitions, measurements, and collections
4- Analysis: use appropriately data analysis
5- Post hoc: quantify the potential magnitude of bias
(bias analysis)

Question 6

what is social network analysis, SNA (1)

Answer 6

1- structural approach to examining the linkages between actors, using
mathematical and computational models

Question 7

re: SNA, what are nodes (1)

Answer 7

1- individual actors, people, things within a network

Question 8

re: SNA, what are ties, edges or links (1)

Answer 8

1- relationships or interactions that connect nodes

Question 9

What does OCAP stand for (4)

Answer 9

Ownership
Control
Access
Possession

Question 10

Which community does OCAP relate to (1)

Answer 10

First Nations communities

Question 11

OCAP: what does ownership mean (1)

Answer 11

FN community collectively owns its data/information

Question 12

OCAP: what does control mean (1)

Answer 12

FN community can control how data about it is collected, used and protected

Question 13

OCAP: what does access mean (1)

Answer 13

FN community determine who can access their data and how it can be accessed

Question 14

OCAP: what does possession mean (1)

Answer 14

The mechanism by which ownership is asserted/protected, possession refers to the physical custody/control of information by the FN community

Question 15

what does EGAP stand for (4)

Answer 15

Engagement
Governance
Access
Protection

Question 16

which community does EGAP relate to (1)

Answer 16

Black and other racialized communities

Question 17

EGAP: what does engagement mean (1)

Answer 17

active consultation with communities about how to collect, analyze and use data - “nothing about us without us”

Question 18

EGAP: what does governance mean (1)

Answer 18

community-led decision-making on how data is collected, analyzed, used, protected

Question 19

EGAP: what does access mean (1)

Answer 19

communities have access to their own data and determine who else does too, and how they can access this data

Question 20

EGAP: what does protection mean (1)

Answer 20

focuses on safeguarding all individual rights and data types