What is random sampling?
Is a method of sampling that removes bias by using a random number generator.
If the study are is a regular shape than a grid can be laid out, then use a co-ordinate generator and if it is an irregular shape sites can be numbered and selected with a random number generator.
What is systematic sampling?
Is a method of sampling by collecting samples at equal intervals. The choice of sampling site is based on observable differences.
What must be done to equipment before use?
Equipment must be calibrated to work properly reducing error.
What is Standardisation?
Making things keep to the same standard, by keeping everything controlled/the same.
How many samples are needed to get representative data for statistical tests?
10 samples.
Why are quadrats used?
Quadrats provide a dmall area that can be studied. Then the results can be scaled up to estimate the overall results for the entire area.
Types of quadrats include:
- Open Frame quadrat
- Grid quadrat
- Point quadrat
What are limitations of quadrats?
They may involve subjective judgement for example estimating percentage cover.
The frame may flatten, move or hide plants.
Why are transects used?
Transects are used to sample over an environmental gradient.
- Line transect
- Belt transect
What are some limitations of transects?
How is abundance calculated?
Frequency
percentage cover
How is population density calculated?
What is Simpson’s Species Diversity Index?
What is the Lincon Index?
What is the Dafor Scale?
What are some sampling techniques?
Kick sampling
Sweep netting
Suction chambers/pooters
Beating tray
Tullgren funnel
Surber samplers
Light traps
Pitfall traps
Colonising media
What is the method and limitations of kick sampling
What is the method and limitations of surber samplers
What is the method and limitations of pitfall traps
What is the method and limitations of light traps
What is the method and limitations of pooters/suction chambers
What is the method and limitations of sweep nets
What is the method and limitations of beating tray
What is the method and limitations of colonising media
What is the method and limitations of tullgren funnel
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Conditions for Life15
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Life Processes in the Biosphere35
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Conservation of Biodiversity21
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Threats to Biodiversity & Conservation Methods58
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Habitat Conservation28
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The Atmosphere34
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The Hydrosphere1
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The Lithosphere3
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Biogeochemical cycles1
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Soils1
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Forestry29
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Aquiculture and Fishing1
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Agro-Ecosystems (Agriculture)1
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Energy1
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Pollution1
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Sustainability1
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Statistics7
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Research and Sampling Methods34
