Research Ethics

Question 1

Nuremberg code 10 commandments

Answer 1

• the following commandments cite what is required for all human trial research experiments*
  1) voluntary consent is required
  2) results of a study must be good of the society and no other way to get the results
  3) research must have a rational design based upon natural history and animal experiments
  4) must always be focused on minimizing pain and suffering
  5) no experiments where death or disabling injury is likely to occur
  6) no risk beyond importance of the problem is being addresses
  7) proper preparations must be taken before th experiment begins
  8) experiments are only conducted by skilled researchers
  9) subject should be able to withdrawal at any time
  10) research should be able to stop the experiment at any time if it is deemed to risky

Question 2

What is the corner stone of human research ethics?

Answer 2

Declaration of Helsinki

Question 3

What document surrounds informed consent and subject selection/justice?

Answer 3

Belmont report

Question 4

How to determine the author of a paper?

Answer 4

Individuals must include the following

1) contributed substantially to the work
2) wrote/revised the paper
3) approved the final version of the work

• all authors are responsible for the work*
• note having only one of these is not enough*

Question 5

Can you re use information and figures from articles you have already published for a new article you are trying to get published?

Answer 5

Yes, but you must get permission for them publishing company and you must cite the orignal work.

Question 6

Peer review

Answer 6

Method of reviewing research where people on the same field will review the work and determine its fitness for publication

Question 7

Ethical issues w/ peer review

Answer 7

Issues w/ choosing unbiased authors

Issues w/ direct competitors (can exclude others who are researching the same things)

Research having limited total data and/or repeating what has already been done just to get it published

Question 8

Conflicts of interests in research

Answer 8

When a persons obligations to a research project conflicts w/ their personal interests or obligations

you must disclose any financial conflicts of interest

How to mitigate these

1) disclose publically any financial interests
2) training on conflicts of interests
3) monitoring research by independent reviewers
4) modifications of the research plan
5) disqualifying your participation from the research if the conflict is too strong
6) sever relationships that are potential conflicts

Question 9

Data management

Answer 9

Surrounds holding and maintains relevant data

Includes

1) oversight of the data collection
2) protecting subjects
3) safely storing the data
4) accurate dissemination of the data

Question 10

Research misconduct (big 3)

Answer 10

Fabrication
Falsification
Plagiarism

Question 11

Institutions that are focused on research w/ animals

Answer 11

USDA = sets guidelines
- also focuses on all non laboratory animals

IACUC = all animal research reviews

NIH = guidelines for laboratory animals only