research methods

Question 1

type 1

Answer 1

false positive
incorrectly accepting alternate
significant but not
too high p- level

Question 2

type 2

Answer 2

false negative
incorrectly accepting null
too low p level
not enough room for error
too strict
is actually significant

Question 3

peer review AO1

Answer 3

• recommendations on whether should be published, whether needs revision
• validity
• appropriate methodology and procedure
• significant on human behaviour
• originality

Question 4

peer review AO3

Answer 4

• anonymous, criticise rivals
  bread jealousy
• difficult to find suitable peer
  especially for a new ground breaking topic
  publication bias
• prevent substandard research from entering
  keeps reputation
  less oppurting for plagiarism

Question 5

observational techniques
covert

Answer 5

undisclosed
observing without knowledge
‘one way mirror’
- less likely investigator effects
- ethical issues

Question 6

observational techniques
overt observation

Answer 6

open
know they are being observed
filming publicly

• more ethical
• investigator effects

Question 7

observational techniques
participant observations

Answer 7

participant takes part
group member quietly observing without their knowledge (covert)
- in depth data, close proximity
- investigator effects if overt

Question 8

observational techniques
non participant observations

Answer 8

doesn’t participate
quietly sits in corner
- less likely investigator effects becaude can’t see them
- lack of proximity

Question 9

observational techniques
naturalistic

Answer 9

unaltered setting
doesn’t interfere in anyway
shopping centre
- ecological validity
- difficult for reliability because as you aren’t interfering so hard to be replicated

Question 10

observational techniques
controlled observations

Answer 10

under strict conditions
lab setting, observation room
- relibaile
- low external validity
artificial environment

Question 11

observational techniques
structured observations

Answer 11

coded schedules according to previously agreed formula organising data into behavioural catergorues
which behaviours examined
- compare across groups
- high internal validity
not full picture

Question 12

observational techniques
unstructured observations

Answer 12

every behaviour recorded
much detail as possible
- richness in data
- observer bias

Question 13

time sampling

Answer 13

records every behaviour between intervals
better use of time
not all behaviour relevant

Question 14

event sampling

Answer 14

number of times behaviour occurs using tally
every behaviour
behaviour missrd if too much happening at same time