Research methods (Observational techniques)

Question 1

Covert observations

Answer 1

Known as ‘disclosed’ observation, observing people without their knowledge eg. joining a group as a member

Question 2

Strength covert observations

Answer 2

• Investigator effects are less likely
• Behaviour will not change as much
• less chance of demand characteristics- unaware of being observed

Question 3

Limitations covert observations

Answer 3

• Ethical issues : lack of informed consent

Question 4

Overt observations

Answer 4

Observations are ‘open’ and the participants are aware that they are being observed

Question 5

Strength overt observations

Answer 5

• More ethical; know they are being observed

- Their right to withdraw themselves/data from investigation

Question 6

Limitations overt observations

Answer 6

• Bias to occur, the investigator does not influences the behaviour of the participants in a way which was intended eg. body language

Question 7

Participant observations

Answer 7

The person who is conducting (researcher) the observation also takes part in the activity being observed

Question 8

Strength participant observation

Answer 8

• Gain a much greater insight and depth of knowledge

Question 9

Limitation participant observation

Answer 9

• Observer may be biased

Question 10

Non-participant observation

Answer 10

The researcher remains outside the group they are observing

Question 11

Strength non-participant observation

Answer 11

• Less bias

- Researcher does not take part

Question 12

Limitation non-participant observation

Answer 12

• Reduces amount of in-depth knowledge