Research & Stats

Question 1

decide if study is ethical

Answer 1

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 2

prediction of relation

Answer 2

hypothesis

Question 3

can take on different values

Answer 3

variable

Question 4

outcome of interest, measured to see if it changes in a study i.e. the plant

Answer 4

dependent variable

Question 5

variable manipulated in the study i.e. the water

Answer 5

independent variable

Question 6

named attribute, order doesn’t matter, ex: martial status, blood type

Answer 6

nominal variable

Question 7

named attribute, order does matter
ex: stages of cancer

Answer 7

ordinal variable

Question 8

can take on any value in a range
ex: temp, weight, speed

Answer 8

continuous variable (vs. discrete)

Question 9

only 2 possible outcomes
ex: disease or no disease

Answer 9

dichotomous variable

Question 10

hypothesis, methods used

Answer 10

methods

Question 11

Am I Literally Making Rice Despite Carb Intolerance?

Answer 11

Research Report Components

Question 12

-can draw associations, but not casual relationships
-no hypothesis tested

Answer 12

descriptive research

Question 13

-descriptive research types
-Quit Sharing Credit Cards

Answer 13

-Qualitative, surveys, correlation, case report

Question 14

-tests hypothesis
-can draw causal relationships

Answer 14

analytical research

Question 15

formative evaluation

Answer 15

pilot study

Question 16

data as words (narrative vs. numbers)
ex: focus group

Answer 16

qualitative research

Question 17

-single subject or group w same condition

Answer 17

-case report/study
-series (many together)

Question 18

-study examines if 2 variables are related
-no manipulation of variables
-ex: relationship between stress and illness?

Answer 18

correlation study

Question 19

X-Axis (horizon)

Answer 19

Independent variable

Question 20

Y axis (vert)

Answer 20

dependent variable

Question 21

-variables increase/decrease together
-move in same direction
-ex: shoe size increases with foot length

Answer 21

positive correlation

Question 22

correlation strengths

Answer 22

-0.4-0.7 moderate
-below weak, above strong

Question 23

-random group assignments
-no selection bias
-ex: double blind study

Answer 23

experimental study

Question 24

-gold standard for causal relationships
-uses random assignment and control group receiving placebo

Answer 24

RCTs

Question 25

participants stay in same group

Answer 25

parallel RCT

Question 26

-2 period -washout phase to reduce carryover effect -participants switch groups, receive opposite txt -participants act as their own control

Answer 26

cross over RCT

Question 27

-Queezy there's no random assign or control group -ex: time series

Answer 27

Quasi-experimental

Question 28

-risk factor exposure -retrospective (recalling past behaviours i.e. smoking) -ex: disease (cases), no disease (control)

Answer 28

case control study

Question 29

-groups of individuals who share commonality (behaviour or disease) -healthy participants exposed to a risk factor -followed over a period of time or look back -other name "incidence

Answer 29

cohort study

Question 30

studies current disease prevalence

Answer 30

cross-sectional

Question 31

PRISMA, CONSORT, QUOROM, MOOSE

Answer 31

Types of meta analysis

Question 32

-can you apply the study results to general population?

Answer 32

external validity

Question 33

-REpeatability of results

Answer 33

Reliability

Question 34

-how likely a test is to correctly identify ppl WITH a disease -ex: initial screening

Answer 34

sensitivity

Question 35

-how likely a test is to correctly identify ppl WITHOUT a disease -specific diagnosis testing

Answer 35

specificity

Question 36

-participants selected by convenience or judgment;not random

Answer 36

non-probability sampling

Question 37

-summarize, describe & synth collected data -ex: mean, mode, range

Answer 37

descriptive stats

Question 38

-analysis of data, prediction beyond study -ex: hypothesis test

Answer 38

inferential stats

Question 39

most frequently occurring value in data set

Answer 39

mode

Question 40

how spread out are the data values relative to average

Answer 40

standard deviation

Question 41

mean of 2 groups

Answer 41

T-test

Question 42

mean of 3 groups

Answer 42

ANOVA

Question 43

outcome of study isn't luck, real finding

Answer 43

statistical significance

Question 44

P<0.5

Answer 44

significant

Question 45

P<0.1

Answer 45

very significant

Question 46

P>0.5

Answer 46

not significant

Question 47

smaller the P value

Answer 47

higher statistical significance