Resilience Engineering

Question 1

Recognition strategy

Answer 1

• Detecting the symptoms of a problem that may lead to system failure

Question 2

Resistance strategy

Answer 2

• Invoking actions that reduce the probability that a system will fail after a problem of cyberattack has been detected

Question 3

Recovery strategy

Answer 3

• Critical services are restored as quickly as possible so that the consequences of a failure or cyberattack are minimized.

Question 4

Reinstatement strategy

Answer 4

• All system services are restored and the system brought back to normal operation.

Question 5

Cybersecurity

Answer 5

• Sociotechnical issue
• Protection of citizens
• Protection of businesses
• Protection of critical infrastructures

Question 6

Cybersecurity threats

Answer 6

• Threats to confidentiality of assets
• Threats to integrity of assets
• Threats to availability of assets

Question 7

Two approaches to human errors

Answer 7

• Person approach
• System approach

Question 8

Latent conditions

Answer 8

• Vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a system, that at some stage, may contribute to system failure

Question 9

Active failures

Answer 9

• Some operational event or human error that triggers a sequence of events that could lead to system failure

Question 10

Swiss cheese model

Answer 10

• Defensive layers have vulnerabilities.
• Vulnerabilities are dynamic.
• Failure occurs when holes line up.

Question 11

Operational processes

Answer 11

• Processes for using the system
• Important defense mechanism

Question 12

Coping with failures

Answer 12

• Design operational processes to be flexible and adaptable.

Question 13

Critical service identification

Answer 13

• Services that must always be available to a system to be usable

Question 14

Diverse barriers in a system

Answer 14

• Close holes and reduce the chance of holes lining up.

Question 15

Defensive layers

Answer 15

• Use redundancy and diversity to create a set of defensive layers.