Resistance Training Types

Question 1

what is DCER

Answer 1

dynamic exercise against constant external resistance (isotonic)

Question 2

what is a limitation of DCER

Answer 2

the working muscle is only maximally challenged at one point during the arc of motion

Question 3

what is the current main form of exercise prescribed

Answer 3

DCER

Question 4

what is variable resistance

Answer 4

a load applies a variable amount of resistance throughout the exercise

Question 5

examples of variable resistance

Answer 5

hydraulic or pneumatic machines

elastic bands

Question 6

isokentic training

Answer 6

velocity of resistance is kept constant throughout the entire joints ROM

Question 7

pro’s of isokinetic training

Answer 7

• can exercise at a wide range of velocity
• specific velocity for specific tasks
• concentric and/or eccentric
• resistance applied = the force being applied by the extremity, may allow for pt to perform increased # of reps as fatigue sets in
• accommodate exercise to pain, less resistance thru painful arc, but allows reps to occur

Question 8

cons of isokinetic training

Answer 8

• limited evidence of how this training carries over into function
• isolation of a single muscle and is uniplanar
• does not involve weight bearing
• pt can’t typically carry over programs

Question 9

open chain

Answer 9

distal segment moves freely

Question 10

closed chain

Answer 10

proximal segment moves on fixed distal

Question 10

closed chain

Answer 10

proximal segment moves on fixed distal

Question 11

open chain exercise decision making

Answer 11

• may be superior in isolating one muscle group
• greater control, good for early rehab
• option for those who have limited WB status
• good for inflammation/pain
• easily replicated

Question 12

precaution for open chain exercise

Answer 12

OC exercises performed at a high load can have an adverse effect on unstable, injured or recently repaired joints

Question 13

closed chain decision making

Answer 13

• increased likelihood for substitution due to multiple joints moving
• necessitates the functional challenge of multiple muscles being activated for postural support; may have improve carry over for those who have postural weakness
• joint approximation and axial loading has less shear force, leading to increased stability
• stimulate mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors –> activates both agonist & antagonist –> better stability
• better outcomes for balance

Question 14

general guidelines for manual resistance

Answer 14

• appropriate body mechanics as therapist
• keep pt’s limb close to you for control
• gradual, graded resistance applied
• verbal commands, coordinate timing of commands appropriately

Question 15

what are the advantages of manual resistance strengthening?

Answer 15

• effective in early rehab, transition to mechanical resistance
• “fine tuning” resistance
• max potential of muscle to work through ROM
• static or dynamic
• easily adjustment
• direct contact with pt

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of manual resistance strengthening?

Answer 16

• load applied is subjective
• resistance is limited to strength of therapist
• not safely performed at high speeds
• not good to transition into HEP
• labor & time intensive for therapist
• not good for muscular endurance

Question 17

equipment for mechanical resistance

Answer 17

• free weights
• pulley systems
• variable resistance units
• elastic bands
• dynamic stabilization equipment
• close chain related equipment

Question 18

advantages of mechanical resistance

Answer 18

• objective measure, progress easily
• pt’s in intermediate/advanced stages of rehab or when the strength of the therapist isn’t adequate
• builds muscular endurance
• certain pneumatic machines allow for variable resistance/velocities
• carry over to HEP

Question 19

disadvantages of mechanical resistance

Answer 19

• not good for weak muscles or soft tissues in early stages of healing
• only challenging in one point of ROM
• equipment can be expensive
• machines, elastic bands and free weights are manufacturer specific

Question 20

what do you need to consider with free weights

Answer 20

consider the levers and joint angles at which the muscle is going to be maximally loaded

Question 21

simple pulley systems

Answer 21

• impose a relatively fixed load as opposed to variable machines
• provide max resistance to the muscle when the angle of the pulley is at a right angle with the moving bone

Question 22

what do you need to consider when trying to produce more torque

Answer 22

the levers and joint angles at which the muscle is going to be maximally loaded

Question 23

advantages of free and pulley weight training

Answer 23

• positions can vary, more muscles accessible
• stabilizing muscles required
• multiple movements
• resistance can gradually increase
• easy carry over to HEP

Question 24

disadvantages of free and pulley weight training

Answer 24

- bc of requirement of stabilization, proper form and alignment may take longer to achieve - control movement, risk for joint damage - functional carry over is low bc need to do movements slow and controlled - spotter sometimes necessary

Question 25

elastic resistance

Answer 25

variable resistance through properties of elongation

Question 26

advantages of bands

Answer 26

- portable - inexpensive - easy set up - safe - exercise in multiple planes - no external stabilization, postural challenge

Question 27

disadvantages of bands

Answer 27

- needs replacing - material fatigue - latex allergy - lack of standardized resistance

Question 28

what is the appropriate length of a resistance band

Answer 28

long enough so that when the band is secure at both ends there is no tension at the start of the exercise