Resource management section C question 3 (paper 2)

Question 1

what are resources

Answer 1

a stock or supply of something that has a value or a purpose

Question 2

how are resources distibuted in the world

Answer 2

they are unevenly distributing and consumption is uneven

Question 3

why is the demand for resources increasing

Answer 3

• increasing population
• economic development
• over consumption in HICs
• less LICs = consume more
• climate change

Question 4

what will help the increasing demand for resources

Answer 4

• technogoly - can find more resource
• globolisation - increasing interconnection of globe

Question 5

define malnurished

Answer 5

when someone eats less than 2000cal a day

Question 6

define undernutrition

Answer 6

poorly balanced diet

Question 7

why is food important for the social and economic well-being of an idividual

Answer 7

economic = a measure of how much money people have to sustain
social = social comfort of an individual for economic, ohychological, spiritual status

Question 8

give some statistics on food discomfort

Answer 8

• 1 billion people dont eat enough
• 1 in 9 cannot get enough food
• 1/3 of world is malnurished
• HICs waste $750B in food

Question 9

name two illness’s associated with under-nutrition

Answer 9

• kuashiorkor
• morasmus

Question 10

state 2 types causes of water scarcity in the globe

Answer 10

• physical (Saudi Arabia) - deserts
• economic (brazil) - high population

Question 11

why is water important for the socail and economi well-being of an individual

Answer 11

• stops dehydration
• dehydration = too ill to work
• no water = cannot grow food
• no hydroelectric power avaliable

Question 12

which region is execcted to experience the greatest increase in energy consumption

Answer 12

Asia

Question 13

explain one reason why Asia is likely to experience the greatest growth in energy consumption

Answer 13

population increase means higher demand on same energy rate

Question 14

what are some statistics on energy consumption

Answer 14

• richest 1B consume 50% and poorest consume 4%

Question 15

define energy sercurity

Answer 15

reliable energy for whole population (produced themselves)

Question 16

define energy insecurity

Answer 16

consume more energy than produced = import lots of energy, large populaiton = huge demand

Question 17

why does the UK import so much food

Answer 17

• huge population increasing
• import 40% of food
• cheaper to get food abroad
• variety and choice
• seasonality is an issue = hugh food miles
• we cannot grow the food we want to eat

Question 18

what are the environmental impacts of importing so much food

Answer 18

food is flown in by plane = expensive, lots of air miles + carbon footprint

Question 19

what are food miles

Answer 19

distance travelled from farm to shop

Question 20

what is meant by the term carbon footprint

Answer 20

the smount of CO2 produced as a result of daily activities

Question 21

what are the economic impacts of importing so much food into the UK

Answer 21

• increases the UK’s trade deficit
• reduces self-sufficiency = vulnerable to global market fluctuations
• it also harms local agriculture and food industries = job losses

Question 22

how do LICs benefit from supplying the UK with food produce

Answer 22

• the UK pay higher prices for food as we cannot grow it
• eg Kenya
• farmers only earn 12% of what Uk pays - most goes to supermarkets & transportation
• economic leakage ~ no job security or benefits

Question 23

what are the two aternative to importing food

Answer 23

• agribusiness
• organic produce

Question 24

what is agribusiness

Answer 24

intense farming aimed at maximising the amount of food produced = maximises profit, high level investments for modern tech & chemicals

Question 25

explain how agribusiness aims to reduce problems associated with importing food

Answer 25

- grow produce all year round - make more food & import less - reduce carbon footprint

Question 26

what is organic farming

Answer 26

food grown without chemicals, more expensive to buy, helps local businesses and more environmentally friendly

Question 27

why has the demand for organic farming increased

Answer 27

- people more concerned about animal welfare - healthier for you - lower carbon footprint - increases seasonality

Question 28

what are some of the problems with organic farming

Answer 28

- expensive - helps climate change - doesn't help food security

Question 29

give an example of an agribusiness

Answer 29

Lynford house farm

Question 30

explain and describe Lynford house farm

Answer 30

- in East England - 570 Hecters - wheat and potatoes - good soil & climate - fertilisers and pesticides = bigger yeild - machinery used - 54M reservoir

Question 31

give an example of an organic farm

Answer 31

riverford organic farm

Question 32

explain and describe riverford organic farm

Answer 32

- started in Devon, now UK wide - weekly fresh veg boxes - reduce food miles - supports local farmers - local employment - expensive

Question 33

why has the demand for water in the UK increased

Answer 33

population growth & higher quality of life = clothes, power showers, dishwashers, hoses, pools

Question 34

give some key facts about water supply increase in the Uk

Answer 34

- fresh water will exceed supply by 40% by 2030 - 50% of water supply is domestic - 21% of our water supply leaks into ground due to old pipes

Question 35

why might larger UK households seem to use more water per person than one person living alone

Answer 35

larger households share uses for water (washing machine, dishwasher) this uses water more efficiently

Question 36

what is meant by a water surplus

Answer 36

too much water / extra water

Question 37

why do the North and West of the UK have a water surplus

Answer 37

- mountainour landscape = higher precipitation - more rain & colder = less evapouration

Question 38

why do the South and East of the UK suffer from a water deficit

Answer 38

- demand exceeds supply - lowest annual rainfall = waer stress

Question 39

what is meant by the term water stress

Answer 39

where demand exceeds supply

Question 40

what percentage of the UK is under water stress

Answer 40

50%

Question 41

what is meant by the term 'grey water'

Answer 41

waste water from showers or toilets

Question 42

how can grey water be used

Answer 42

it can be recycles and used to irrigate food and non-food plants (phosphorus and nitrate in water = good nutrients)

Question 43

in the UK how is water transferred from areas of surplus to areas of deficit

Answer 43

- pipes and pumps in 2006 water transfer scheme from N and W to south

Question 44

what are the environmental and economic impacts of water transfer

Answer 44

- land and materials is very expensive cost - effects land and wildlife by building pipes - has to be pumped = produces green house gases

Question 45

give two ways a household can conserve water

Answer 45

- put in a water metre - by efficient appliances

Question 46

give two ways a water company can conserve water

Answer 46

- fix leaking pipes - give education about not wasting water

Question 47

what are the main causes of water pollution in the UK

Answer 47

- human waste dumped into rivers & sea - leaching from old mines - discahrge from industries - fertilisers = eutrophication = aglea blooms - water used in power stations go back into a river

Question 48

what are the social and senvironmental impacts of water pollution in the UK

Answer 48

- get illness and disease = healthcare needed - eutophication = algea = dead fish ~ oxygen starved

Question 49

what strategies are in place to improve water quality in the UK

Answer 49

environmental agencies: - monitor rivers & quality - filter water - chlorine to purify - regulate water use

Question 50

give two reasons (not increase in population) why the amount of energy used in the UK has declined

Answer 50

- devices and appliances are more efficient (better insuation) - decline in heavy indstry (60% decrease in energy use)

Question 51

what type of energy source has declined most since 1970

Answer 51

coal

Question 52

why has their been a significant decline in the use of coal

Answer 52

- + carbon emissions from coal are most - + coal power stations = old & inefficient = expensive to run - - 2020 oil is 75% imported ~ not musch energy security

Question 53

why do we use non-renewables more than renewables

Answer 53

- meets the rapid demand - cheaper - we have existing power station

Question 54

why has there been a recent increase in the use of renewable sources of energy

Answer 54

- less harmful for enviroment - geographical location = perfect for offshore wind - importing is expensive - if we produce enough = energy security & independant - only maintenance coasts after instaliation

Question 55

what are the main issues of using renewable energy

Answer 55

it is unreliable and produces little energy

Question 56

what are the economic and environmental impacts of using nuclear power as an energy source

Answer 56

- - cost £18B to construct - - high costs to produce (uranium) - - decommissioning = expensive ~ radioactive - - radioactive leaks = harmful - - must sotre highly toxic & radioactive waste - + huge tertiary and quaternary job opportunites (high paid)

Question 57

what are the environmental and economis impacts of using wind power as an energy source

Answer 57

- - relatively high contrution cost - - complaints ~ not appealing to look at - - unreliable - - noise from turbines scares animals - + much better for enviroment - + can sell energy back to the grid

Question 58

describe the distribution of licences for fracking in the UK

Answer 58

- uneven - majority in NE and South London - anomolie = Edinbrough

Question 59

explain why the process of fracking for gas causes conflict

Answer 59

+ gives job opportunities + makes us enegy secure - environmentally bad - local home owners ~ polluting land and water - causes earthquakes