Name a resource frontier
Alaskan oil frontier 
Name a negative about a resource frontier
Can be exploited such as Exxon Valdes oil spill in 1989 11,000,000 gallons spilled in Alaska 
Positives of a resource frontier
Create high paid jobs, supplies energy infrastructure investment, economic growth 
Explain the concept of a resource peak
This is the point out which maximum production or resources reached and then after declines this is shown as a bell shaped curve called Hubert curve for example 1970 in the US rich peak oil discovering new oilfield to surplus oil. as the price rises new frontiers or alternative resources must be exploited. 
Name 5 strategy to increase water supply
Catchment
Diversion
Storage
Water transfer
Desalination 
Name a case study for the diversion and water transfer scheme to increase water supply
South to North water diversion project China.
1400 km long
started in two thousand and two provides water for 300 million
Cost $60 billion
What does the eia do what case study to use for it
South North China divergent scheme
Identified key environmental risks guided mitigation measures informed planning and monitoring
Limitations
Scale of project may predictions hard
Social impacts minis relocated
Some medication measures were not fully implemented reducing effectiveness of EIA 
Name a case study for river catchment
River itchen drainage basin acts mean more permeable water meaning more underground water store
Haven’t thick it reservoir stores water in wet months to use for a dry periods
Holds 8.7 billionL of water
Strategies to increase water supply storage case study
Aswan dam
Stopped 30 million m³, of flood water
Which stops destroying crops
Generates hydroelectric power
But displaced 100,000 Nubians
4 million tons of silt used to be run by the river Nile to fertilise crops but now it doesn’t come because of the dam now more artificial fertilisers are used
Name a case study for desalination
Beckton plant London
Treats 1.5 billion L of sewage per day
Serves to 3.5 million people
Cost £500 million
One of the largest in Europe
Negatives odour from the plant
Heavy vehicles transporting sludge
Accident spills could pollute river Thames (never happened)
what is the scale and purpose of the china south-north water transfer project?
a 62 billion project transferring 44.8 billionnn m3 of watwr annually from the humid south to the arid, industrial north.
How many routes are in the China South–North Water Transfer Project and how long are they?
Three routes (Eastern, Central, Western) covering about 1,200 km.
What are the social impacts of the China South–North Water Transfer Project?
Around 345,000 people displaced due to reservoir expansion.
What economic issue does the China South–North Water Transfer address?
Northern China produces 35% of GDP but has only 7% of water.
What are the environmental risks of the China South–North Water Transfer Project?
Risk of spreading pollution from south to north.
What type of strategy is the Beckton Desalination Plant?
Desalination.
What is the capacity of the Beckton Desalination Plant?
150 million litres/day (≈1 million people / 400,000 households).
Why was the Beckton Desalination Plant built?
To “drought-proof” London’s water supply.
What are the advantages of the Beckton Desalination Plant?
Reliable water supply, uses 100% renewable energy.
What are the disadvantages of desalination at Beckton?
High cost (£250 million) and energy intensive (high CO₂ emissions).
What are “Magic Stones” in Burkina Faso?
Low-tech stone bunds placed along contours to reduce runoff.
What are the benefits of Magic Stones?
Increase infiltration by 5–10% and boost crop yields by up to 50%.
What is the scale of Magic Stones use?
Over 300,000 hectares restored in the Sahel.
Why are Magic Stones effective?
They slow water runoff and reduce soil erosion at very low cost.
