% carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in three forms:
what is closing volume?
volume of lung at which dependent airways begin to close and can be read off a trace
closing volume increased with?
age
small amounts of disease in the small airways
what is closing capacity
closing volume and residual capacity
normal physiological dead space value
30%
4 x restrictive defect in ventilatory function occurs in
three volumes that we can’t measure?
RV, FV, TLC