Question 1

cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

process in which cells break down organic molecules to synthesis ATP

Question 2

stages of respiration

Accepted Answer

glycolysis link krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

where does glycolysis occur

Accepted Answer

cytoplasm of cells

Question 4

stage one of glycolysis

Accepted Answer

phosphorylation

glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP

this produces hexose bisphosphate and 2 molecules of ADP

then hexose bisphosphate is split up into 2 molecules of triose phosphate

Question 5

stage 2 of glycolysis

Accepted Answer

oxidation triose phosphate is oxidised forming 2 pyruvate molecules NAD collects the hydrogen forming 2 reduces NAD 4 ATP is produced but net yield of 2

Question 6

products of glycolysis

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2 reduced NAD

Question 7

what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis

Accepted Answer

they are actively transported into the matrix of the mitochondria for the link reaction

Question 8

where does the link reaction occur

Accepted Answer

mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

steps of link reaction

Accepted Answer

pyruvate is decarboxylayed - one carbon atom is removed in the form of carbon dioxide

pyruvate is dehydrogenated changing pyruvate into acetate

NAD is reduced to NADH

acetate is combined with coenzyme a to form acetyl coA

no ATP is produced

Question 10

products of link reaction

Accepted Answer

2 molecules of acetyl coenzyme A two molecules of carbon dioxide two molecules of reduced NAD

Question 11

where does kreb cycle occur

Accepted Answer

mitochondrial matrix

Question 12

steps for krebs cycle

Accepted Answer

1. acetyl group detaches from acetyl coA and combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate( citric acid) this is catalysed by citrase synthase. Coenzyme a goes back into the link reaction to be used again 2. the 6C citrase molecule is converted to a 5C molecule. decarboxylation occurs where carbon dioxide is removed. dehydrogenation occurs where hydrogen is removed. the hydrogen binds with NaD to for reduced NAD 3. the 5C molecule is converted to 4C. decarboxylation and dehydrogenation occurs producing one molecule of reduced FAD and two of reduced NAD ATP is produced by the direct transfer of phosphate group from an intermediate compound to ADP. this is known as substrate level phosphorylation

Question 13

products of each kreb cycle

Accepted Answer

2 cycle for each glucose but each cycle produces 1 conenzyme a oxaloacetate reforms 2 carbon dioxide 1 ATP 3 reduced NAD 1 reduced FAD

Question 14

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

Accepted Answer

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 15

steps for oxidative phosphorylation

Accepted Answer

1. hydrogen atoms are reflexes from reduced NaD and reduced FAD as they get oxidised to NAD and FaD. the hydrogen atoms split into protons H+ and electrons 2. the electrons move along the electron transport chain losing energy at each carrier 3. the energy is used by the electron carrier to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the inter membrane space 4. the concentration of protons is now higher in the inter membrane space then in the mitochondrial matrix. this forms an electrochemical gradient 5. protons move down the electrochemical gradient back into the mitochondrial matrix via ATP synthase. this movement drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

respiration Flashcards

(29 cards)