respiration

Question 1

Give three examples of how a gull uses the energy transferred by respiration

Answer 1

1. Muscle contraction for flying
2. Maintaining body temp in cold environments
   3.active transport of substances in and out of cells

Question 2

Name a molecule made from glucose in plants and a molecule made from glucose in animals

Answer 2

Plants- cellulose (for cell walls)
Animals- glycogen (for energy storage)

Question 3

Describe the components of a lipid molecule

Answer 3

One glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 4

Briefly describe how protein molecules are formed

Answer 4

1. Amino acids join together
2. In a specific sequence to form a long chain which then folds into a unique shape

Question 5

What is excess protein broken down to produce

Answer 5

urea

Question 6

Word equation for fermentation

Answer 6

Glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 7

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Glucosde + oxygen —> carbon dioxide +water (+energy)

Question 8

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Glucose —-> lactic acid (+energy)

Question 9

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide + water —–> glucose + oxygen

Question 10

Balanced symbol symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 10

6CO2+ 6H2O —> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Question 11

For each of the products of fermentation in yeast outline one industrial use

Answer 11

Ethanol - alcoholic beverages
Carbon dioxide - to make dough rise when baking

Question 12

Compare aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

Answer 12

• aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration does not
• aerobic respiration produces CO2 and H2O whereas anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid
• aerobic respiration produces a larger amount of energy compared to anaerobic respiration

Question 13

What is oxygen debt

Answer 13

The amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acid and remove it from cells

Question 14

Give three variables that would increase during exercise

Answer 14

Heart rate
Breathing rate
Breath depth

Question 15

Explain why there may be an increase in lactic acid during the exercise period

Answer 15

• during vigorous exercise muscles need more energy
• there isn’t enough oxygen for aerobic respiration
• si the body respires anaerobically, producing lactic acid as a by product

Question 16

What physical effects does long periods of vigorous exercise have on muscles

Answer 16

• muscles become fatigued
• lactic acid build up causes muscle pain or cramps

Question 17

Explain how lactic acid is cleared from the body

Answer 17

• blood transports lactic acid to the liver
• the liver breaks it down into glucose which is then used in respiration or stored

Question 18

What changes in the composition of blood in the lungs

Answer 18

• oxygen is absorbed into the blood from the air in the alveoli
• carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled

Question 19

What happens to the rate of supply of blood to the whole body with exercise

Answer 19

• increased blood supply 2 skin heart and skeletal muscles to meet the increased O2 demand and remove waste products
• decreased blood supply 2 the digestive system kidneys and bones as these are less active during exercise
• unchanged 2 the brain as it maintains its regular blood flow for essential functions

Question 20

During exercise more oxygen is carried to the working muscles explain why this is helpful during exercise

Answer 20

• muscles need more energy during exercise
• more oxygen I sneezed for aerobic respiration
• this allows the muscles to release more energy
• helping to prevent lactic acid build up and fatigue

Question 21

The pulse rate changed when the activity changes explain the reason for this

Answer 21

• muscles need more oxygen during more active tasks
• heart beats faster to increase the blood flow to deliver O2 and glucose to the muscles to carry out aerobic respiration more efficiently

Question 22

What is the purpose of a control

Answer 22

To ensure the results of an experiment are due to the variable being tests and not other factors

Question 23

Give reasons why it takes longer to recover after running faster

Answer 23

• running faster increases intensity of exercise
• resulting in higher O2 demand and more lactic acid build up
• the body needs more time to remove waste products like lactic acid and to restore oxygen levels
• therefore the heart rate takes longer to return to resting level

Question 24

What is the purpose of respiration

Answer 24

To release energy for cellular activities

Question 25

Oxygen is absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs how are they adapted for this function

Answer 25

- large surface area - one cell thick wall for a short diffusion distance - a rich blood supply to maintain a concentration gradient for efficient exchange

Question 26

Describe the process of anaerobic respiration and give an effect

Answer 26

- anaerobic respiration occurs when O2 is not available - glucose is broken down to produce lactic + energy - this leads to an oxygen debt and can cause muscle fatigue and cramps

Question 27

Explain why the conc of CO2 in the air in a greenhouse increased from mid night to dawn

Answer 27

Because during the night (as there is no light) plants cant perform photosynthesis however they continue to respire which produced CO2 as a by product leading to an increase in CO2 conc.

Question 28

Explain why the conc of CO2 in the greenhouse decreased between dawn and dusk

Answer 28

Because during the day plants carry out photosynthesis where they absorb CO2 from the air to produce glucose and oxygen decreasing the CO2 conc.

Question 29

Give three ways in which the koala uses the energy released in respiration

Answer 29

1. Muscle contraction - to allow movement of the body and limbs 2. Growth - for the development of new tissues and cells 3. Maintaining body temp - to keep a constant internal temp

Question 30

What is metabolism

Answer 30

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism including both the building up and breaking down of molecules

Question 31

How can you measure breathing accurately

Answer 31

By using a spirometer