Respiratory

Question 1

Patho of Asthma

Answer 1

1. Inflammation of airway caused by a trigger (pollen)
2. Hyper-secretion of mucous, airway muscle constriction, swelling bronchial membranes
3. Narrow breathing passages
4. Wheezing, cough, SOB,

Question 2

Patho of Pneumonia

Answer 2

1. Aspiration of organism
2. Release of endotoxins
3. Inflammatory response
4. Release of Mediators
5. Accumulation of exudate, RBC and bacteria
6. Red hepatisation
7. Grey
8. Resolution

Question 3

Patho of COPD

Answer 3

1. Inflammation and fibrosis of bronchial wall
2. Hypertrophy of submucosal glands and hyper-secretion of mucus
3. Loss of alveolar tissue and elastic lung fibres
4. Results in obstruction of air flow
5. Decreased area for gas exchange
6. Impaired expiratory flow rate
7. Decreased air trapping
8. Predisposes to airway collapse

Question 4

Patho of Emphysema

Answer 4

1. Loss of lung elasticity
2. Abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
3. Destruction of alveolar walls and capillary beds

Question 5

Patho of Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 5

1. Hypersecretion of mucus in large airways
2. Hypertrophy of submucosal glands in trachea and bronchi
3. Mucus production, plugging airway lumen
4. Inflamm infiltration and fibrosis of bronchiolar wall