List the three nonselective beta agonists.
Epinephrine
Isoproterenol
Ephedrine
What is epinephrine used for (as a respiratory drug)?
Drug of choice for emergency life threatening bronchoconstriction and acute anaphylaxis response
*No long term use
What are the Beta-2 agonists?
Salmeterol (Human - long acting) Albuterol Terbutaline Metaproterenol Clenbuterol
How do you administer Terbutaline?
Oral or Inj. ONLY injection in horses bc of poor oral absorption
(lasts 6-8hr)
What species is albuterol used in?
Oral/Inhalent in cats and horses
How is Metaproteranol given?
Only oral, 4hr duration
What species is clenbuterol used for?
Horses.
Illegal in food animals.
How do the Beta-2 Agonists work?
Selective for Beta 2. Bronchodilation, stabilization of mast cells, and increased mucociliary clearance.
Adverse effects of Beta 2 agonists?
(Any beta 1 effect) Cardiac stimulation, vasodilation, and uterine relax
**Can be poison from causing hyperglycemia and hypokalemia
T/F Beta 2 agonists are often used to treat RAO?
True.
What are the anticholenergics that work on the respiratory system?
Ipratropium
Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
List the Methylxanthine derivative drugs.
Caffiene ** coffee, tea, chocolate
Theophylline
Aminophylline (soluble salt of theophylline)
MOA of Methylxanthine derivatives (Know this)
- Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
2. Antagonism of adenosine receptors
Effects of Methylxanthine derivatives on the CNS
Stimulation of sensory and motor areas (like when you drink too much coffee)
Effects of Methylxanthine derivatives on the Respiratory system
Bronchodilation, Antiinflammatory, prevention of microvascular leakage (treat pulmonary hypertension), mucociliary clearance, improve breathing.
Effects of methylxanthine derivatives on the Cardiovascular system
stimulation of cardiac contractility, increasing heart rate, systolic pressure, and vasodilation (can be adverse effect-tachyarrythmia)
Effects of Methylxanthine derivatives on the Kidney?
Diuresis secondary to increased cardiac output and glomerular filtration
How are methyxanthine derivatives given?
Oral or parenteral.
*Volume of distribution is lower in cats than other species
oh p.s its metabolized by the liver, didnt feel like making another card
What are the therapeutic uses of Methylxanthine derivatives?
Brinchoconstriction, bronchial asthma (resp dx), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RAO)
*Aminophylline is also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and anaphyllaxis
Contraindications of Methylxanthine derivatives?
Cardiac disease, Peptic ulcer disease (increases aciditiy), and seizure disorders (CNS stimulation)
T/F You need to be careful when using inhalation anesthetics and methylxanthine derivatives
True.
The cardiac depression from the anesthetics plus the stimulation from the MD could lead to tachycardia/arrhythmia
What are the 6 groups of Antiinflammatory drugs (in reference to respiratory)?
Cromolyn sodium Leukotriene inhibitors Glucocorticoids NSAIDS Beta adrenergic agonists Methylxanthines
What is Cromolyn sodium used for?
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-bronchoconstrictor (Not a bronchdilator though)
*Treats RAO
What glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of respiratory disease?
Dexamethasone injection sometimes (Anti-bronchoconstriction)
Fluticasone inhaler –> SA
Beclomethasone inhaler –> LA
