Respiratory

Question 1

Asthma treatment pathway

Answer 1

1. Beta-2 agaonist - Salbutamol with Spacer
2. Inhaled corticosterid - Beclametasone, Fluticasone
3. Long Acting Beta-2 agonist - Salmetrol, Foroterol
4. Oral Corticosteroid - Oral Prednisalone
   SEVERE - IV Aminophylline

Question 2

Treatment for community acquired Pneumonia

Answer 2

Amoxicillin

Question 3

Treatment for community acquired Pneummonia. Patient is allergic to Penicillin

Answer 3

Doxycycline, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

Question 4

Treatment for Pseudominas infection

Answer 4

Ciprofloxacin.

If severe IV Gentamicin

Question 5

Pneumonia from Birds

Answer 5

Chlamydia Psittaci (Treatment is Tetracycline)

Question 6

Pneumonia from Sheep/Goats

Answer 6

Coxiella Burnetti

Question 7

Pneumonia linked to HIV

Answer 7

Pneumocystis carinii (Treatment is co-trimoazole)

Question 8

Hospital acquired Pneumonia treatment

Answer 8

Ceftazidime

Question 9

Standard causes of Pneumonia:

1. Elderly, Pneumonia after influenza infection?
2. Elderly, Headache, Anaemia, Skin rash. Cold agglutins detected in blood?
3. Young, flu-like symptoms a week ago, hyponatraemia, lymphopenia?

Answer 9

1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
3. Legionella (often from water)

Question 10

Common conditions:

1. Young, productive cough, clubbed, bilateral coarse crackles

Answer 10

1. Cystic fibrosis

Question 11

2. Presents with Weight loss, cough, haemoptysis

Answer 11

2. Carcinoma

Question 12

3. Cough producing pink, frothy sputum, tachycardic, bibasal end-inspiratory crackles. Raised JVP.

Answer 12

3. Pulmonary Oedema

Question 13

4. Fever, shortness of breath, right sided chest pain, Right side of chest has reduced expansion.

Answer 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

5. Farmer, several hours after starting work

Answer 14

Allergic alveolitis

Question 15

Treatment for COPD

Answer 15

1. Oral Salbutamol (or anticholinergic i.e Ipratropium, Tiotropium)
2. Aminophylline

Question 16

Asthma

Answer 16

FEV1 decreased, PEFR decreased

Question 17

COPD

Answer 17

FEV1 decreased, FVC decreased, PEF decreased, FEV/FVC decreased

Question 18

Asthma

Answer 18

Eosinophilic airway inflammation

Question 19

COPD

Answer 19

Neutrophilic inflammation

Question 20

Sarcoidosis

Answer 20

Non-caseating Granuloma formation

Treated with corticosteroids

Question 21

Cancer

Answer 21

Uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial cells

Question 22

Which Nerve supplies the lungs

Answer 22

Phrenic Nerve

Question 23

How many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 23

3

Question 24

How many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Sarcoidosis symptoms

Answer 25

Fatigue, Joint pain, Weight loss, Tnder nodules on shins

Question 26

What is the name of the stain used for TB

Answer 26

Ziehl-Neelsen (Acid-fast bacilli present)

Question 27

Differentiate between Type 1 and 2 Respiratory Failure

Answer 27

Measure arterial blood gas - type 1 - Low O2, Normal CO2 - type 2 (Low O2, Low CO2)

Question 28

Differentiate between COPD and Asthma

Answer 28

Spirometry | -allows you to work out FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC

Question 29

Differentiate between Mild and Moderate community acquired pneumonia

Answer 29

CURB Score | Confusion, Urea, Resp rate,BP and age

Question 30

Rate of chest compressions in Respiratory arrest

Answer 30

10 per minute