Respiratory

Question 1

What are some common URTIs in children?

Answer 1

• rhinitis
• tonsilitis
• otitis media
• pharyngitis
• laryngitis
• epiglotitis

Question 2

What are features of rhinitis?

Answer 2

• very common, 5-10 per yr, winter
• self-limiting condition
• prodrome to other illnesses
• pneumonia, bronchiolitis, meningitis, septicaemia

Question 3

What are features of otitis media?

Answer 3

• common, self-limiting
• primary viral infection
• secondary infection with pneumococcus/h flu
• spontaneous rupture of drum
• give analgesia

* antibiotics usually doesn’t help

Question 4

What is the management for tonsillitis and pharyngitis?

Answer 4

• throat swab
• viral or bacterial
• no treatment
• 10 days penicillin

* don’t give amoxycillin

Question 5

What are features of croup (LTB)?

Answer 5

• para’flu I
• common
• well
• coryza, stridor, hoarse voice, “barking” cough
• oral dexamethasone

Question 6

What are features of epiglottitis?

Answer 6

• H. influenzae type B
• rare
• toxic
• stridor, drooling
• intubation + antibiotics

Question 7

What are some common LRTIs in children?

Answer 7

• tracheitis
• pneumonia
• bronchitis
• bronchiolitis
• empyaema

Question 8

What are common LRTI agents?

Answer 8

• bacterial
• strep pneumoniae, h influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae
• viral
• RSV, parainfluenza III, influenza A + B, adenovirus

Question 9

What are features of tracheitis?

Answer 9

• ‘croup’ which doesn’t get better
• fever, malaise
• staph/strep invasive infection
• augmentin

Question 10

What are features of bronchitis?

Answer 10

• common
• endobronchial infection
• loose rattly cough with URTI
• post-tussive vomit ‘glut’
• chest free of wheeze/creps
• haemophilus/pneumococcus
• mostly self-limiting

Question 11

What are features of bacterial bronchitis?

Answer 11

• following URTI
• lasts 4 weeks
• 60-80% respond
• pneumococcus/h flu

Question 12

What are features of branchiolitis?

Answer 12

• affects 30-40% all infants
• usually RSV, or paraflu II, HMPV
• nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea, poor feeding
• crackles, +/- wheeze
• obervation