Patient has inadequate activation of their diaphragm. Damage to what part of respiratory neural network is responsible?
Dorsal respiratory group
What does the Pre-Botzinger complex do?
Generates respiratory rhythm, especially in younger people
What is apneusis?
person is stuck in inspiration
Patient is presenting with apneusis, what part of the respiratory neural network is damaged?
The PRG specifically the rostral pontine region
What does the PRG do?
Controls length of inspiration under normal circumstances
What does the VRG do?
critical for determining Vt
What does the DRG do?
sends 95% premotor neurons to phrenic and recieves a lot of sensory info. The sensory info allows for it to generate a pattern.
What does the rostral VRG do?
premotor to the phrenic and other inspiratory muscles
What does the caudal VRG do?
Premotor to upper airway and other muscles of expiration
A patient presents with medullary and spinal cord damage, they have an increase in their CO2 and decrease in their O2. What could this be?
Apnea, the absence of respiratory effort
Where are central chemoreceptors located and what is significant about it?
Ventral surface of the medulla right on the BBB so they have exposure to the CSF
What are the central chemoreceptors most sensitive to and how does it work?
PaCO2 Due to the close proximity of the BBB the CO2 can diffuse into the CSF. When this happens it is converted into bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase and the H byproduct decreases the pH. This results in an increase in the firing rate to the pre-botzinger complex to increase frequency, which sends axons to the DRG and VRG to incerase Vt
How does a glomus cell send a signal?
- Decreased oxygen increases ROS, Lactate, and decreases ATP
- This causes K leak channels to shut down and the cell begins to depolarize
- L type Ca channels open furthering the depolarization of the cell causing an AP that will release dopamine
- DA causes the glomus cell to send an AP
In the peripheral chemoreceptors what will an increase in the PaCO2, pHa, PaO2 cause?
- decrease firing rate
What will occur if the slow adapting PSR is stretched?
- If it is stretched it means that there has been an increase in lung volume and air in the airways.
- The increase in stretch sends an AP via the vagu to the Pre-Betzinger to stop inspiration and prolong exhalation
- Breuer hering reflex
- input is critical in infancy and small input in adults unless exercising
In the peripheral chemoreceptors what will an decrease in the PaCO2, pHa, PaO2 cause?
- Increase firing rate
What are the Rapid adapting PSRs?
- They are located in airways and activated by irritation
- Information carried by vagus nerve
- Produces protective cough
What are J receptors?
- Near alveolar capillaries activated by pulmonary edema
- Produces dry cough and rapid shallowing breathing
- Increase in PPL and Decreased fluid filtration
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Lung Volume and Capacities19
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PFT10
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Pulmonary Physiology Topics26
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Gas Transport and Erythrocyte Physiology20
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Erythrocyte Biochemistry58
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Pulmonary Defense25
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Renal Anatomy and Histo49
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Respiratory Control18
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Alveolar Gas Exchange17
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Body Fluid Compartments30
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Renal Immunology54
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Renal Physiology34
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Renal Transport48
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Renal Control of Acid Base Balance11
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Intro to Acid Base Disturbances37
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Nitrogen Metabolism32
