Respiratory Function

Question 1

The breathing apparatus is made up of the

Answer 1

pulmonary apparatus and the chest wall

Question 2

The pulmonary apparatus is made up of the

Answer 2

airways and lungs

Question 3

The chest wall is made up of the

Answer 3

rib cage wall, abdominal wall, diaphragm and abdominal content

Question 4

The LT lung is made up of

Answer 4

2 lobes

Question 5

The RT lung is made up of

Answer 5

3 lobes

Question 6

What is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 6

The alveoli

Question 7

What is the most important forces for speech breathing?

Answer 7

Active forces

Question 8

What are circumference increasers?

Answer 8

Bring ribcage out and up

Question 9

What are circumference decreasers?

Answer 9

Compressors

Question 10

What are the vertical length decreasers?

Answer 10

Affects abdominal wall muscles

Question 11

What are the output variables of breathing?

Answer 11

• lung volume
• alveolar pressure
• chest wall shape and abdominal wall shape

Question 12

During resting tidal breathing how do the output variables of breathing change?

Answer 12

• Lung volume increases gradually during inspiration/gradually decreases during expiration
• This is our tidal volume
• We expand diaphragm and ribcage muscles for inspiration
• Then we relax them to rest (expiration)

Question 13

Define inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 13

maximum volume of air that can be inspired

Question 14

Define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 14

maximum volume of air that can be expired (blow out all the air in lungs)

Question 15

Define residual volume

Answer 15

volume of air remaining in the pulmonary system at the end of a maximum expiration. It is always in the lungs.

Question 16

Define vital capacity

Answer 16

the sum of the ERV, TV and IRV. This tells us how much lung volume an individual has.

Question 17

Inspiratory muscles do what?

Answer 17

Increase the lung volume

Question 18

What percentage of our vital capacity do we use for conversational speaking?

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

Lung volume _____ for connected speech.

Answer 19

Increases

Question 20

If lung volume increases what happens to alveolar pressure?

Answer 20

It decreases

Question 21

If lung volume decreases what happens to alveolar pressure?

Answer 21

It increases

Question 22

What happens to volume/pressure/shape during resting tidal breathing?

Answer 22

1. The diaphragm contracts and goes down to make more space for lungs.
2. Volume increases and alveolar pressure becomes negative.
3. The negative pressure causes air to be drawn into the lungs. (Inspiration)
4. When the diaphragm contraction is released it returns to its dome shape.
5. This allows the rib cage and abdominal walls to return to rest and creates a positive pressure that forces air out of lungs (Expiration).

Question 23

For conversational speaking what is the alveolar pressure and why?

Answer 23

To keep the vocal folds vibrating

Question 24

For connected speaking what is the chest wall shape?

Answer 24

• The diaphragm is domed up more
• Abdomen pulled in some what
• Expand rib cage wall

Question 25

A change in the chest wall shape will affect?

Answer 25

Alveolar pressure and lung volume

Question 26

How do we perceive differences in speakers’ volume, pressure, and shape?

Answer 26

Through loudness and prosody

Question 27

Define mechanically tuned configuration of chest wall for speech breathing

Answer 27

- Change for loudness comes from ability from change of position of rib cage wall which will change the alveolar pressure and allows us to do bursts of loudness.

Question 28

Resting tidal breathing volume, airflow and pressure relationship

Answer 28

Inspiration: As lung volume increases, alveolar pressure is negative Expiration: Lung volume decreases, alveolar pressure is positive

Question 29

Sustained vowel production volume and pressure relationship

Answer 29

- Lung volume decreases over time (Expiration) - Sustaining alveolar pressure - Reducing volume of ribcage wall and abdominal wall - Compression of system

Question 30

What can be affecting loudness?

Answer 30

Alveolar pressure - If voice is too soft not generating enough alveolar pressure

Question 31

What can be affected by chest wall shape?

Answer 31

When someone has issues manipulating the shape this can lead to more audible inspirations and reduced stress.

Question 32

When do the major changes occur for speech breathing?

Answer 32

The 7th or 8th decade of life