Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the Respiratory System maintain?

Answer 1

Maintains muscle energy supply:
- Nutrients must be delivered
- Oxygen must be delivered
- By-products must be removed

Question 2

What is the Respiratory System’s primary role?

Answer 2

1. Deliver oxygenated air to blood
2. Remove carbon dioxide from blood, a by-product of metabolism

Question 3

What makes up the Respiratory System?

Answer 3

1. Lungs
2. Several passages leading from outside to the lungs
3. Muscles that move into and out of the lungs

Question 4

Overview of Respiratory System (basic order of how air travels)

Answer 4

1. Trachea
2. Right and left Bronchi
3. Bronchioles
4. Respiratory bronchioles

Question 5

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 5

Air enters the nose/mouth where it is filtered, humidified, and adjusted to body temperature in the trachea

Question 6

Right and Left Bronchi (primary)

Answer 6

Trachea branches into right and left bronchi that enter the lung

Question 7

Bronchioles (secondary and tertiary)

Answer 7

Bronchi continue to branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles

Question 8

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 8

Bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles

Question 9

Shape of lungs and size?

Answer 9

Lungs are asymmetrical, right lung larger than left because of heart

Question 10

What are the functional units of the lungs?

Answer 10

Tiny air sacs called alveoli

Question 11

What are alveoli? (terminal)

Answer 11

Like clustered bunches of grapes, with common opening into alveolar duct called an alveoli sac. This is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 12

Diaphragm positioning at rest?

Answer 12

Up against the lungs

Question 13

When the diaphragm contacts and moves down, what is caused?

Answer 13

• Causes increase in volume of Chest cavity
• Causes decrease in pressure
• Air is “sucked” into lungs

Question 14

When external intercostal muscles contract, what is caused?

Answer 14

• Causes ribs to elevate
• Causes increase in volume of chest cavity
• Causes decrease in pressure
• Air is “sucked” into lungs

Question 15

Pharynx / trachea - function

1. Air enters the _________
2. Passes then to the _______
3. Then passes the ______ and enter the opening called the ______
4. Before passing into the ________ on the way to lungs
5. The first branches into the lungs are the _________
6. Then branches into smaller and smaller ________
7. The terminal chambers in the lungs are ________

Answer 15

1. Nasal cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Epiglottis, glottis
4. Trachea
5. Right and left bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli

Question 16

What are the four Bronchi?

Answer 16

Bronchi (primary / secondary / tertiary / terminal)

Question 17

Lung volume and capacity when training?

Answer 17

Lung volume and capacity changes LITTLE with training

Question 18

What is needed beyond the anaerobic stage?

Answer 18

• Muscle contractions need oxygen to continue beyond the anaerobic stage
• 99% of O2 transported in blood is chemically bonded with hemoglobin in the red blood cells

Question 19

Respiratory and Response:

Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive too?

Answer 19

Receptors in the Aorta and in Carotid arteries

Sensitive to partial pressures of CO2 and O2 and also to ph (acidity) of blood

Question 20

What do the receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries do? (Respiratory and Response)

Answer 20

Sends signal to brain (medulla) which sends signal to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 21

Cardiovascular response:

Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive to?

Answer 21

• Receptors in Aorta and in Carotid arteries
• Sensitive to partial pressures in CO2 and O2 and also ph (acidity) of blood

Question 22

What do the receptors in the Aorta and Carotid arteries do? (Cardiovascular response)

Answer 22

• Receptors send signal to brain (medulla) which sends signals to heart
• proprioceptive signals reach cardiac centre in medulla to increase heart rate

Question 23

What is Respiration needed for during exercise?

Answer 23

• In exercise, we increase the muscles’ need for O2 which is carried from lungs to muscle via hemoglobin in erythrocytes
• Muscle contractions produce by-products that MUST be ELIMINATED
  — Anaerobic produces lactic acid
  — Aerobic needs O2 and gives off CO2 & H2O
• Respiration (rate and depth) INCREASES (6L/min at rest to 150L/min)
• Heart beats FASTER, pumping more oxygenated blood to muscles

Question 24

How many successive branching bronchioles?

Answer 24

23+

Question 25

What surrounds Alveolar sacs?

Answer 25

Capillary plexus (blood alveoli for 0.75 sec.)

Question 26

What is pressure gradient?

Answer 26

Gas exchange