Respiratory system

Question 1

Osmotic and chemical process

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

3 separate but related functions

Answer 2

• Ventilation
• Gas Exchange
• Oxygen utilization

Question 3

Ventilation and gas exchange in the lungs.

Answer 3

External respiration

Question 4

Gas exchange between the blood and other tissues.

Answer 4

Internal respiration

Question 5

Structures of the Respiratory System

Answer 5

• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• pulmonary alveoli

Question 6

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

Answer 6

Upper respiratory

Question 7

Trachea and lungs

Answer 7

Lower respiratory

Question 8

Nsal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Answer 8

Conducting division

Question 9

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs and pulmonary alveoli

Answer 9

Respiratory division

Question 10

Pumping Mechanism of the Respiratory System

Answer 10

Thoracic cage
Diaphragm

Question 11

Types of Breathing

Answer 11

Costal (thoracic)
Abdominal (diaphragmatic)

Question 12

Occurring when more air is needed than movement of the diaphragm produces.

Answer 12

Costal (thoracic)

Question 13

Occurring during ordinary quiet breathing.

Answer 13

Abdominal (diaphragmatic)

Question 14

Normal quiet respiration

Answer 14

Eupnea

Question 15

Difficult breathing

Answer 15

Dyspnea

Question 16

Absence or cessation of respiration

Answer 16

Apnea

Question 17

Increased depth or rate of breathing or both

Answer 17

Hypernia

Question 18

Rapid, shallow breathing

Answer 18

Polypnea

Question 19

• embodied within the skeleton of the face
• extends from about the transverse level of the eyes to the rostral extremity of the head
• comprises the parts of the face rostral to the eyes and dorsal to the mouth

Answer 19

Nose

Question 20

External openings of the respiratory tract

Answer 20

External nares (nostrils)

Question 21

Lacks a planum, its nose being instead covered with fine hair.

Answer 21

Horse

Question 22

Possesses a nasolabial planum

Answer 22

Ox

Question 23

Have nasal planum

Answer 23

small ruminants and dogs

Question 24

Features a rostral planum that is supported by a rostral bone.

Answer 24

Pig

Question 25

Separated from the mouth by the hard and soft palates and separated into two isolated halves by a median nasal septum

Answer 25

Nasal cavity

Question 26

Scroll-like; turbinate bones; dorsal and ventral; ethmoidal

Answer 26

Concha

Question 27

Investing the ethmoidal conchae is the olfactory epithelium

Answer 27

Mucous membrane

Question 28

Air passages; dorsal, middle, ventral, and common

Answer 28

Nasal meatus

Question 29

Articulates with the palatine process of the maxillary bone

Answer 29

Vomer

Question 30

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 30

* Air-filled cavities that communicate with the nasal cavity * Probably provide some protection and to the head

Question 31

4 Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 31

Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoidal, and Palatine sinuses

Question 32

a common soft tissue conduit for food and air, lying caudal to the oral and nasal cavities.

Answer 32

Pharynx

Question 33

Conducts air into the lungs

Answer 33

Bronchus

Question 34

is the process by which air is moved into (inspiration) and out of (expiration) the lungs.

Answer 34

Ventilation

Question 35

Is a more specific term that refers to the movement of air into and out of alveoli.

Answer 35

Alveolar ventilation

Question 36

Is a mechanism to dissipate heat; characterized by an increased ventilator rate but with a reduced tidal volume (volume of air moved during each breath).

Answer 36

Panting

Question 37

Upper airways that are not sites of gas exchange

Answer 37

Anatomic dead space

Question 38

Includes the anatomic dead space and any alveoli in which normal gas exchanges cannot occur

Answer 38

Physiologic dead space

Question 39

The total rate of air-flow into and out of the lungs; includes the air- flow through the tracheobronchial tree and to both the functional alveoli and non-functional alveoli.

Answer 39

Minute ventilation rate

Question 40

Refers to the rate of air-flow into and out of the functioning alveoli

Answer 40

Alveolar ventilation rate

Question 41

Each alveolus is very closely associated with a network of capillaries containing deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery. The capillary and alveolar walls are very thin, allowing rapid exchange of gases by passive diffusion along concentration gradients.

Answer 41

Gas Exchange

Question 42

Moves into the alveolus as the concentration is much lower in the alveolus than in the blood

Answer 42

CO2

Question 43

Moves out of the alveolus as the continuous flow of blood through the capillaries prevents saturation of the blood

Answer 43

O2

Question 44

Lungs are part of a unidirectional circuit that includes a series of non-respiratory (lacking gas exchange surfaces) air sacs and airflow is created by movements of the sternum rather than through contraction of a muscular diaphragm.

Answer 44

Avian Respiratory System

Question 45

At the distal end of the trachea; first portion of the bronchi; avian organ of phonation

Answer 45

Syrinx

Question 46

Unilobed; lie adjacent to and deeply imprinted by the thoracic vertebrae; 1° bronchus to 2° bronchus to parabronchus

Answer 46

Lungs

Question 47

Are blind-ended expansions of the respiratory tree the walls of which are composed of connective tissue covered externally by serosa.

Answer 47

Air sacs

Question 48

A median, unpaired, somewhat triangular air sac connected to the secondary bronchi of both lungs. It lies in between the angle of two limbs of the furcular (wishbone).

Answer 48

Interclavicular

Question 49

Pair of small cervical air sacs arise anteriorly, one from each lung

Answer 49

Cervical

Question 50

Arises from the side of each lung, lies at ventral side of lung in the anterior portion of the thorax

Answer 50

Anterior thoracic

Question 51

A pair of small air sacs found in the posterior part of the thoracic cavity just in front of abdominal sacs

Answer 51

Posterior thoracic

Question 52

A large air sac from the distal end of each lung

Answer 52

Abdominal

Question 53

Gives off branches to air sacs and also gives off several secondary bronchi which may be distinguished as dorsal, ventral and lateral according to their position.

Answer 53

Mesobronchus