Respiratory System

Question 1

Mechanics of breathing

Answer 1

• Increased chest wall compliance
• Loss of Elastic Recoik
• Decreased Respiratory Muscle Mass and Strength

Question 2

What is increased chest wall compliance in older?

Answer 2

Chest wall is stretched more during inhalation and less effort to expand the lungs

Question 3

Elastic recoil is the ability of lungs to return to its unstressed state after inhalation, what happened if there is a loss lf elastic recoil?

Answer 3

Harder to empty the lungs

Question 4

Decreased in muscles in diaphram and intercostal muscles results to?

Answer 4

Reduce efficiency and shallow breathing pattern

Question 5

Imbalanced between “air” and “blood flow”

Answer 5

Increased ventilation

Question 6

decreased cardiac output in lungs resulted to?

Answer 6

Less oxygen rich blood being deliverd to tissues and organs

Question 7

What is decreased mixed venous oxygen

Answer 7

Oxygen content of blood returning to heart from tissues is decreased

Question 8

What happens in increased physiologic dead space?

Answer 8

• More air in lungs that is not participating in the exchange or oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Larger portion of what you breathe is nit reaching the blood stream

Question 9

What dies decreased alveolar surface area available for gas exchange?

Answer 9

Alevoli has less slace for oxygen and CO2 to move in and out
- Reduce lungs apability to transfer oxygen to blood stream

Question 10

What happen if there is a reduce CO2 diffusion capacity?

Answer 10

• Lungs have hard time getting rid of CO2
• Led to decreased oxygenation and increased CO2 Levels in blood.

Question 11

low oxygen

Answer 11

hypoxia

Question 12

what is high CO2 levels in blood?

Answer 12

Hypercapnia

Question 13

What does chemoreceptor do?

Answer 13

Sense chemical in body

Question 14

What happens when there is decreased responsiveness of central and peripheral chemoreceptors to hypoxia and hypercapnia?

Answer 14

• When less sensitive brain will not recognized hypoxia and hypercapnia resulting to not sending signals to breath more or less

Question 15

Give one lung defense mechanism

Answer 15

• Cilia (hair like or broom sweepers)

Question 16

Decreased of cilia results to?

Answer 16

• Less effective cleaning crew
• Mucus, debris, and other foreign object will remain.

Question 17

TRUE OR FLASE: Does decreased of cilia results to more risk of infection?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

___clears mucus in aiways

Answer 18

Mucocilary

Question 19

What will happen if there is decreased of mucocilary?

Answer 19

• More mucus in airway
• Harder to breathe
• Prone to infection

Question 20

What will happen if there is decreased in cough reflex?

Answer 20

• Harder to clear mucus and irritant in the airway

Question 21

This is the ability to produce antibodies

Answer 21

Humoral Immunity

Question 22

This is the WBC or soldiers

Answer 22

Cellular immunity

Question 23

What will happen if there is decreased in humoral and cellular immunity?

Answer 23

• Reduce ability to fight respiratory infection

Question 24

IgA or Immunoglobulin A is a type of what?

Answer 24

Antibody

Question 25

If there is decreased in IgA, what will happen?

Answer 25

- Fewer Soldiers to fight infection

Question 26

TRUE OR FALS3: Decreased ventilatory drive decreases ability to breathe when sleeping

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What will happen if there is decreased of ventilatory drive?

Answer 27

- cant breathe when sleeping - Results to apnea and shallow breathing - Choking and gasping

Question 28

What will happen if there is decreased upper airway muscle tone?

Answer 28

- Collapsoble airway

Question 29

What does upper airway do?

Answer 29

- speak - swallow - keeping your airway open for breathing

Question 30

What is diaphram muscle sarcopenia

Answer 30

- Weakening of diaphram muscle - Harder to breath - Hinder airway cleaning and coughing

Question 31

What will happen to the following when you age Alveioli: Diaphram: Rib cage bones: Coughing nerves:

Answer 31

Alveioli: Sag and lose form Diaphram: Weaken, and reduce ability to inhale/exhale Rib cage bones: Athrophy Coughing nerves: Less responsive to foreign particles

Question 32

What is tidal volume A) Volume air inhaled in addition to normal TV B) Volume air inhaled/exhaled each respiratory cycle C) Volume of air left in lungs after maximum exhalatiom D) Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in additional to normal tidal volume

Answer 32

B

Question 33

What is Inspiratory Reserve volume A) Volume air inhaled in addition to normal TV B) Volume air inhaled/exhaled each respiratory cycle C) Volume of air left in lungs after maximum exhalatiom D) Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in additional to normal tidal volume

Answer 33

A

Question 34

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume A) Volume air inhaled in addition to normal TV B) Volume air inhaled/exhaled each respiratory cycle C) Volume of air left in lungs after maximum exhalatiom D) Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in additional to normal tidal volume

Answer 34

D

Question 35

What is Residual Volume A) Volume air inhaled in addition to normal TV B) Volume air inhaled/exhaled each respiratory cycle C) Volume of air left in lungs after maximum exhalatiom D) Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in additional to normal tidal volume

Answer 35

C