Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiratory System Functions

Answer 1

Gas exchanges between blood and environment occur only in the alveoli of the lungs. Pathways to the lungs PURIFY, HUMIDIFY, and WARM the incoming air

Question 2

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Pathway of air from the nares to the trachea

Question 3

Nose

Answer 3

The ONLY externally visible part of the respiratory system.

Question 4

Nostrils (Nares)

Answer 4

Route where air enters the nose

Question 5

Nasal Cavity

Answer 5

Interior of the nose

Question 6

Nasal Septum

Answer 6

Divides the nasal cavity

Question 7

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 7

• Lines nasal cavity
• Moistens air
• Produce mucus
  -Traps foreign particles

Question 8

Pharynx (THROAT)

Answer 8

Has 3 regions.
1. Nasopharynx - Superior region behind nasal cavity
2. Oropharynx - Middle region behind mouth
3. Laryngopharynx - Inferior region attached to larynx

**Air and food both pass through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 9

Tonsils

Answer 9

Clusters of LYMPHATIC TISSUE–they protect the body from infection.

Question 10

Pharyngeal tonsil (ADENOID) is superior and located in the superior NASOPHARYNX

Answer 10

Palatine tonsils (2) are located in the oropharynx and can be seen from the mouth

Question 11

Larynx

Answer 11

AKA VOICE BOX.
- Routes air and food into proper channels
Located inferior to the PHARYNX
- Made of 8 hyaline cartilages, thyroid cartilage (ADAMS APPLE) is the largest

Question 12

Epiglottis

Answer 12

• Spoon shaped flap of elastic cartilage
• Protects upper opening of the larynx

Question 13

Vocal Folds

Answer 13

• Vibrate wiht expelled air
• Allows us to speak.
  The GLOTTIS is the OPENING between the vocal chords.

Question 14

What is included in the LOWER respiratory tract?

Answer 14

-Trachea
-Primary Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Alveoli
-Pulmonary capillaries

Question 15

Trachea (AKA WINDPIPE)

Answer 15

• Long tube that connects to the larynx.
• WAlls are reinforced with C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
• Lined with ciliated mucosa. (CILIA are beating in upward direction this time, and GOBLET CELLS are producing mucus.

Question 16

Primary or Main Bronchi

Answer 16

• Formed by division of the trachea
• Bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches

Question 17

Lungs basic anatomy

Answer 17

Occupy the ENTIRE thoracic cavity except for the central MEDIASTINUM.
- Apex of each lung is the top tip
- Base rests on diaphragm
- each lunch divided into lobes. Left lung (2) and right lung (3)

Question 18

Serosa

Answer 18

Covers outer surface of the lungs and makes serous fluid

Question 19

Pulmonary (Visceral) pleura

Answer 19

covers the lung surface

Question 20

Parietal pleura

Answer 20

Lines the walls of thoracic cavity

Question 21

Pleural serous fluid

Answer 21

Fills the area between layers. Allows the lungs to glide over the thorax.
- decreases friction during breathing

Question 22

Plearul Space (between layers)

Answer 22

Potential space

Question 23

Conducting Zone

Answer 23

Trachea > Primary bronchi > Bronchioles > terminal bronchioles

Functions to get the air from the outsides, condition it, and transfer to respiratory zone for GAS EXCHANGE

Question 24

Respiratory Zone

Answer 24

Site of ACTUAL gas exchange.
Includes:
- Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Aleovlar sacs
-Alveoli (Air Sacs)

Question 25

Simple Diffusion

Answer 25

O2 and CO2 exchanged through respiratory membrane by simple diffusion

Question 26

Hypoventilation

Answer 26

Dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves super slow breathing

Question 27

Soft and Hard Palate

Answer 27

Separates nasal cavity

Question 28

External Respiration

Answer 28

CO2 unloaded from blood

Question 29

Damaged CIlia

Answer 29

May lead to inability to propel mucus from lungs to throat

Question 30

Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 30

The pressure in intrapleural space is always negative with respect to the lungs

Question 31

Tidal Volume

Answer 31

Normal quiet breathing, about ~500mL of air is moved

Question 32

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 32

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volumeE

Question 33

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 33

Amout of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyong tidal expiration

Question 34

Residual Volume

Answer 34

CANNOT exhale all air from lungs

Question 35

Vital Capacity

Answer 35

Total amount of exchangeable air

Question 36

Dead space volume

Answer 36

Some air remaining in the conducting zone and is not available fr blood exchange

Question 37

Funtional VOlume

Answer 37

Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone

Question 38

Bronchiol sounds

Answer 38

Air movnig through the trachea and bronchi

Question 39

Vesicular Sounds

Answer 39

Air filling the alveoli. this is a muffled breeze sound

Question 40

Abnormal Respiratory Sounds

Answer 40

Diseased tissues, excess mucus, or pus can produce abnormal sounds such as crackles, wheezing, and rales.