Respiratory System

Question 1

Why are the lungs well suited to their gas exchange?

Answer 1

• alveoli give the lungs a huge SA
• each alveolus is well supplied with blood vessels. This continuous flow of blood helps to maintain a difference in concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and air in the lungs
• membrane of the alveolus is very thin

Question 2

What is the process of Inspiration? It is opposite for expiration

Answer 2

1) ICM contract, expanding the ribcage
1) diaphragm contracts
2) lung volume increases
3) air flow from high to low pressure in the lungs

Question 3

List the reasons as to why the alveoli make gas exchange possible.

Answer 3

• 1 cell thick wall
• lined with a film of moisture (for gases to dissolve)
• high SA
  These characteristics make it easy for gases to diffuse to and from the body

Question 4

For diffusion of gases in/out of the blood, there must be a concentration gradient. How is it maintained?

Answer 4

• constant flow of blood through the capillaries

- the movement of air in/out of the alveoli

Question 5

What is used to provide energy by means of aerobic respiration within cells?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

How is most oxygen transported to tissues?

Answer 6

It is bonded to the haemoglobin on the erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 7

What allows the lungs to move freely and without friction between the inner walls of the thorax?

Answer 7

Fluid within the pleura.

Question 8

Why is blood flow in the lungs relatively low?

Answer 8

The capillaries in the lungs are very narrow.

Question 9

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 9

Prevents foreign particles from entering the lungs/airways.

Question 10

How are ATP and ADP related?

Answer 10

ATP one more phosphate ion and more stored energy than ADP.