Respiratory System: Upper

Question 1

functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

1) movement of air in + out of the body

2) exchange in gases b/w blood and lungs + cells

Question 2

upper respiratory tract includes…

Answer 2

• nose
• nasal cavity
• phayrnx

Question 3

nasal cavity functions

Answer 3

1) provide opening for respiration
2) moisten & warm air
3) filter dust + dirt particles from air
4) olfaction (smell)
5) speech

Question 4

external portion of the nose is composed of…

Answer 4

• bone & hyaline cartilage
• skin & muscle
• nostrils (external nares): openings transport air into nasal cavity

Question 5

interior portion of the nose is composed of…

Answer 5

• nasal SEPTUM divides left + right
• anterior is composed of HYALINE CARTILAGE
• posterior is formed from VOMER, MAXILLA, PALATINE BONE & part of ETHMOID

Question 6

nasal cavity divisions

Answer 6

• right and left sides
• anterior vestibule
• olfactory mucosa
• respiratory mucosa

Question 7

NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: right + left sides

Answer 7

divided by septum and bordered by ethmoid, vomer + cartilage

Question 8

NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: anterior vestibule

Answer 8

skin lined with coarse hair

Question 9

NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: olfactory mucosa

Answer 9

• bordered by roof of nasal cavity
• olfactory receptors
• lamina propria glands secrete fluid to moisten air
• pseudostratified columnar with neurons (no goblet cells)

Question 10

NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: respiratory mucosa

Answer 10

• lined with mucous membrane
• lamina propria forms CT
• pseudostratified columnar, ciliated with goblet cells

Question 11

nasal conchae

Answer 11

• on lateral walls of nasal cavity
• divided by meatuses (passageway for air)
• lacrimal duct opens into nasal cavity inferior to nasal conchae

Question 12

openings of nasal cavity

Answer 12

• external naris
• internal naris
• lacrimal ducts
• paranasal sinuses

Question 13

openings of nasal cavity: paranasal sinuses

Answer 13

• open into nasal cavity
• found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid + maxillary bones
• lined with ciliated, pseudostratified columnar
• inflammed mucous membranes -> sinusitis

Question 14

pharynx wall

Answer 14

• skeletal muscle
• lined with mucous membrane
• begins at internal nares + posterior of mouth
• nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 15

PHARYNX: nasopharynx

Answer 15

• posterior to nasal cavity
• ciliated, pseudostratified columnar
• contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)
• 2 internal nares + 2 eustachian tubes open into it

Question 16

PHARYNX: oropharynx

Answer 16

• located posterior to mouth
• lined with stratified squamous to resist abrasion
• extends from soft palate to tip of epiglottis (blocks tracheal opening)

Question 17

PHARYNX: laryngopharynx

Answer 17

• stretches from epiglottis to tip of thyroid cartilage
• opens into larynx + esophagus
• stratified squamous
• transport food and air

Question 18

what are the meatuses of the nasal conchae?

Answer 18

• superior
• middle [ethmoid]
• inferior

Question 19

what generates turbulence and warmth?

Answer 19

conchae + meatuses

Question 20

how does the nasal cavity get blocked during swallowing?

Answer 20

uvula + soft palate in nasopharynx move superiorly

Question 21

where are lingual + palatine tonsils located?

Answer 21

oropharynx

Question 22

dual passageway?

Answer 22

oropharynx

Question 23

where is the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid) located?

Answer 23

posterior wall of the nasopharynx