1
Q
f(x) of respitory system
A
supply body with O2 and dispose of CO2
2
Q
Fx of pulomnary ventilation
A
- breathing
- movement of air in and out of lungs
3
Q
Fx of external respiration
A
- O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and the blood
4
Q
Fx internal respiration
A
- O2 and CO2 b/w systemic bc and tissues
5
Q
2 zones of respiratory system
A
- Conducting
- Respitory
6
Q
Fx of conduction zone
A
- serves as a conduit to gas exchange sites
- no actual gas exchang e
7
Q
fx of respiratory zone
A
- site of gas exchange
8
Q
parts of the conducting zone
A
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Larynpharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchioles
9
Q
route of the air we breath
A
Nares, top of the hard palate, Nasal concahe
10
Q
Purpose of nasal conchae
A
Increase SA + tuberlance. push particles to mucus cells
11
Q
Characteristics of Nasal Conchae
A
- warm air
- Sticky Mucus
- moistens air
- traps bacteria/ debris
12
Q
what is rhinitis?
A
inflammation of nasal mucosa, often due to cold viruses and allergens
13
Q
what does rhinitis result in
A
- nasal congestion
- post-nasal drip
14
Q
fx of the Nose
A
- provide airways for respiration
- moistens and warms the air
- filters and cleans inspired air
- resonating chamber for speech
- houses olfactory recepters
15
Q
purpose of the parasinal sinuses.
A
hollow space in skull
- lighten skull
- resonance champer 4 speech
-produce mucus
16
Q
What is Sinusitis
A
inflammation of the sinus
17
Q
What is a sinus headache
A
blockage of the passageway b/w sinuses
- air absorbed in sinus cavity
18
Q
Purpose of Pharynx
A
also known as the throat
- muscular passage
- where food, fluid, and air passes
- continuous with nasal cavity & posterior nasal aperture
19
Q
3 parts to pharynx
A
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
20
Q
Loc of Oropharyx
A
behind mouth
21
Q
Tonsils associated with pharynx
A
- Pharyngeal Tonsil
- Palatine & Lingual Tonsils
22
Q
Purpose of Pharyngeal tonsils
A
- lymphatic tissue high in the nasal pharynx
23
Q
Purpose of Palatine and lingual tonsils
A
- lymphatic tissue in Oropharynx
24
Q
What is Tonsilitis
A
Swelling/ inflammations of palatine tonsils
25
What is the removal of palatine/lingual tonsils?
Adenoidectomy
26
What are Pharyngotympanic Tubes
Auditory Tubes
- Drain middle ear -> Nasopharynx
- mucous of ear and throat are continuous
27
What is the Larynx
Voice Box
- Routes air and food to proper places
- an important role in speech
28
What tissue type makes the Adams apple.
thyroid Cartilage
29
what do the vocal folds in the larynx do
vibrate w/ air = makes air
30
Purpose of the Epiglottis
guardian of airways
- Flap of elastic cartilage
- protects superior opening of the larynx
31
What does the epiglottis cover when swallowing
covers the larynx
to prevent food and fluid from entering the lungs
32
Characteristics of the Trachea
The Windpipe
- 4 inches long
- bifurcated @ 5th thoractic vertabrae
-rigid structure of c-shaped cartilage
33
What is a tracheostomy
provides an alternative route for air if upper airways are obstructed
34
Primary Bronchi
The trachea divides into Right and Left primary Bronchi
35
Significance of the Right Bronchus versus Left
Right Bronchi is
- Wider
- Shorter
- straighter than left
36
Which bronchi is more likely to have a foreign objects stuck
Right bronchus
37
How many lobes are in each lung
Left - 2 lobes
Right - 3 lobes
38
Apex of lung
Narrow part of the lung, deep to clavicle
39
base of lung
broad bottom part resting on diaphram
40
What are the types of pulmonary pluera
- Parietal Pleura
- Visceral Pluera
41
what is the visceral serosa
covers each lung
42
what is the parietal luera
coverings thoracic cavity
43
what is plueral fluid
serous secretion made by pleural membrane
44
parts of the Respiratory Zone
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Aleveoli
45
tissue type of alveoli
A single layer of Squamous Epithelial Tissue
46
what are alveoli pores
openings that connect alveoli to alveoli
47
What is the main inspiration muscle
Diaphram
48
What are the other inspirations muscles that contribute
- External intercostals
- Sternocleaidomastoid
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
- scalenes
49
What are the muscles of Expirations
- internal intercostals
- external abdomianl obliques
- Internal abdominal obliques
- transverse abdominals
- Rectus abdomens
50
What happens in quiet breathing
Inspiration occurs
51
What happens during quiet inspiration
Diaphragm contracts downward
52
what happens In deep inspiration
- ribs elevate due to
- external intercostals
- pectoralis minor
- scalences
- sternoid....
53
During quiet expiration
air leaves the lungs due to passive elastic recoil of the lungs + relaxation of diaphragm
54
During forced exhalation
internal intercostals, adominal contract
55
Do the lungs and thoracic cavity move as a unit (Y/N)
Yes.
56
what is the Surfactant
Prevents surface tension from collapsing Alveoli
57
Where is surfactant released from
secreted by type 2 alveolar cells
58
what can you get from a spirometer
reading of lung Vol. and lung capacities
59
Meaning of Tidal Volume (TV)
volume of air moved with each resting breath
60
meaning of Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Volume of air inhaled after TV
61
meaning of Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
the volume of air exhaled after TV
62
meaning of Residual Volume (RV)
volume of air left in the lung after maximal exhalation
63
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
the total volume of air that can be inhaled
64
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
volume of air in lungs after tidal exhale
65
Vital Capacity (VC)
volume of moveable air
66
Total lung capacity
total volume air lungs can hold
67
what is partial pressure
the driving force behind gas exchange
68
what is atmospheric pressure at sea level
760 mmHg
69
PP of N
78.05%
70
PP of O2
20.95%
71
PP of CO2
0.03%
72
PP of inheret gasses
0.93%
73
how does PP vary with attitude
as altitude rises there is less atmosphere = and less pressure
74
Fx of RBC
deliver oxygen to all cells of the body
75
Characteristics of RBC
- Anucleated
- contain few organelles
- packed with hemoglobin
76
How many hemoglobin Mol. does each RBC have
250 million hemoglobin molecules
77
how many molecules does each hemoglobin bind to
4 molecules
78
how many O2 molecules does each RBC produce
1 million Oxygen molecules
79
How many polypeptide units are in a hemoglobin
4 units in a hemoglobin
80
how any heme groups in each globin
1 heme group
81
each hemoglobins binds to _____ oxygen
4 O2
82
What are the 3 hemoglobin types
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Deoxyhemoglobin
- Carbaminohemoglobin
83
Oxyhemoglobin
O2 is bound to hemoglobin
- bright red color
84
Deoxyhemoglobin
O2 is delivered
- darker red color
85
Carbaminohemoglobin
When CO2 is bound to hemoglobin
- Burgundy appearance
86
Right shift
due to increased Temp, H+ concentration, and CO2
-overall increased oxygen delivery
87
Left shift
Decreased temp, H+, CO2
- overall decreased O2 delivery
88
Boyles Law
Volume and pressure are inverse. As on rises other lowers
89
Daltons Law
total gas pressure is the sum of PP values for each gas
90
Henrys Law
when a gas and liquid are in contact, gas dissolves in the liquid in proportion to it PP
91
Bohrs effect
deoxygenated hemoglobin has agreat affinity for H+, CO2 and O2
Right and left shift
BIO 202
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