Define Learning
1) External Process - the teacher teaching, e.g. through powerpoint, lecture, etc.
2) Internal Process - the student thinking about what the teacher is saying
3) Internal Product - the student understandings, formulates an answer - whether right or wrong
4) External Product - the students says their answer, writes an answer, creates a product, e.g. through assessment
Identify examples of internal and external processes and products
example of the internal product - “Amy realizes that multiplication is a shortcut for repeated addition and division is a shortcut of repeated subtraction”
Identify components of the systems model
- Greer identifies an instructional goal - good
- He plans how content will be assessed
- However, he misses many steps
- There are many elements to writing a persuasive essay… he needs to define what content he will teach - only after he defines what specific content he will teach can he plan how the content will be assessed
- He also cannot not administer the exam he is copying until he designs and implements instruction, and there is no evidence that he has or plans to do that
…treat this plan as a checklist… what parts did he do, and what is missing/lacking
Label a schematic diagram of the systems model
identify inst. goal – define content acc. to goal
|
plan how content will be assessed
|
design instructional strategies
|
implement instruction + assessment
|
diagnose learner difficulties + remediate
Declarative content is…
Procedural content is…
…collection of facts, verbal information
….concept (category, like sports, punctuation)
….rule or principle (rules guide behavior), ….principles help us understand, explain, predict)
…..problem solving strategy (with multiple applications)
….cognitive strategy (such as synthesize or evaluate)
Describe different kinds of honeybee hives
Recognize types of trees (coniferous or deciduous)
Demonstrate the steps for throwing a ball
- action = describe
- verbal information - different kinds of honeybee hives
- action = recognize
- concept = types of trees
- action = demonstrate
- rule/principle = the steps for throwing a ball
what is a procedural category?
- objects or events that share common features; there are
several different examples that all fit in the category because they
share common critical features - they are often seen with the verbs classify, recognize, categorize, identify
what is the difference between rules and principles?
- rules (algorithms) guide behavior and
principles help us understand, explain, predict - both have multiple applications
- both involve a combination of concepts which must be mastered before the rule can be acquired
- often seen with the verbs demonstrate and apply
what is procedural problem solving?
- Combination of rules, principles to solve a complex problem
- often seen with the verb “solve”
- examples - Word problems in math, interpersonal conflicts, social issues
what are procedural cognitive strategies?
- Means of acquiring, organizing, storing new
information - often seen with the verbs design, create, write
- Examples: Learning strategies (outlining, concept mapping, rehearsal, elaboration, close reading, Question the Author);
Which of these are well written?
1) Demonstrate the procedure for inspecting a honeybee hive.
2) Compare and contrast a Langstroth honeybee hive and a top bar hive.
3) Identify the life cycle of a honeybee.
4) Create a timeline of a beekeeping year.
5) Demonstrate an understanding of beekeeper equipment.
6) Explain which insects are honeybees and which are bumbles when shown photographs.
7) Describe the ways changes in the weather effect honeybees
1) Yes
2) No
3) No
4) Yes
5) No
6) No
7) Yes
lassify instructional goals according to learning outcome: declarative or procedural.
Which of these goals are procedural and which are declarative?
Explain the role of plants in an ecosystem.
Define fact and opinion.
Create a short film.
Label the parts of a recipe.
Demonstrate the steps for throwing a ball.
Recognize types of trees (coniferous or deciduous)
Declarative
Explain the role of plants in an ecosystem.
Define fact and opinion.
Label the parts of a recipe.
Procedural
Create a short film.
Recognize types of trees (coniferous or deciduous)
Demonstrate the steps for throwing a ball
Use academic standards to develop instructional goals.
4.4.5.C Investigate the factors influencing plant and animal growth. (e.g., soil, water, nutrients, and light)
Declarative
List what factors plants and animals need to grow.
Identify real-world examples of how factors influence plant and animal growth
state
declarative
explain
declarative
list
declarative
name
declarative
describe
declarative
define
declarative
label
declarative
classify
procedural
demonstrate
procedural
recognize
procedural
identify
procedural
