Rocks

Question 1

The three types of rocks

Answer 1

Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

Question 2

Who founded the rock cycle

Answer 2

James Hutton

Question 3

What does the theory of the rock cycle suggest

Answer 3

That rocks are constantly being created and destroyed

Question 4

According to the rock cycle how are igneous rocks made

Answer 4

Magma from the mantle make its way to the surface cooling and solidifying to form igneous rocks

Question 5

According to the rock cycle how are sedimentary rocks made

Answer 5

Igneous rocks are subjected to weathering and erosion. The particles are transported and deposited into lake and sea beds forming sedimentary rocks due to the weight of the overlying water

Question 6

According to the rock cycle how are metamorphic rocks made

Answer 6

When sedimentary rocks are placed under great pressure and/or heat forming metamorphic rocks

Question 7

What is the one fault of the rock cycle

Answer 7

Not all rocks originate as igneous

Question 8

How do igneous rocks form from other rocks

Answer 8

Melting and cooling

Question 9

How do you form sedimentary rocks from other rocks

Answer 9

Weathering, erosion and lithification

Question 10

How do metamorphic rocks form from other rocks

Answer 10

Heat and pressure

Question 11

What type of sedimentary rock is peat

Answer 11

Organically formed organic

Question 12

How is peat formed

Answer 12

From partially decomposed and rotting vegetation accumulating in a waterlogged area, the anaerobic conditions prevent the further decomposition which allows the vegetation to build up layer upon layer

Question 13

The two types of peat land

Answer 13

Raised bogs and blanket blogs

Question 14

Where can you raised bogs in Ireland

Answer 14

Found in lowland areas, these are deep bogs e.g the Bog of Allen across the midlands

Question 15

Where can you find blanket bogs in Ireland

Answer 15

Upland areas e.g Connemara co. Galway, these are shallow bogs

Question 16

What are chemically formed evaporate sedimentary rocks

Answer 16

What is left over when water is evaporated from a body of salt water

Question 17

Two types of chemically formed evaporate sedimentary rocks

Answer 17

Gypsum and rock salt

Question 18

What is gypsum a component of and where it can be found

Answer 18

Component of cement and can be found in Kingscourt co. Cavan

Question 19

Use of rock salt and where it can be found

Answer 19

Grits road and found in Carrickfergus co. Antrim

Question 20

What is the law of superimposition

Answer 20

Any series of undisturbed rock strata, he oldest is at the bottom and the youngest at the top
Does NOT give absolute age, tries to identify the age of one stratum in comparison to surrounding strata

Question 21

What is the problem with the law of superimposition

Answer 21

Folding can overturn the strata

Question 22

What is radiometric dating

Answer 22

Estimating the age of rock based upon its radioactive materials and the rate which it is decaying
This is used to establish the half-life of the rock

Question 23

What is another indicator and what is the problem with it

Answer 23

Carbon is another indicator but it is a relatively young rock at 70 000 years old rendering it useless in geological terms