Roshdawg
Elements of Faith (6 beliefs)
- There is only one God and he does not beget nor was he begotten (O)2. There are prophets, Muhammad was the last prophet (P)3. There are holy books (monotheism), Quran, Torah, Bible (B)4. There are Angels (A)5. There is a second life, Heaven/Hell (S)6. God predestines life, God provides justice (P)
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Pillars of Faith
ArkamThere are 5:1. Must pray 5 times a day2. Must fast3. Must be charitable4. Pilgrimage5. Jihad
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Profession of faith
“Ash-shahada” “There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his messenger”
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Salat
Must pray 5 times a dayMust face Makka while praying (Qibla)Niche in mosque shows the direction of Makka (Mihrab)”Adhan” = call to prayerMu’adhadhan = caller to prayer
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Siam
Must fast (those who are capable)Month of Ramadan = nothing from sunrise to sunset
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Zakat vs. Sadaqa
Must be charitableZakat=required charity (2.5% of income if possible)Sadaqa=voluntary charity
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Pilgrimage
Greater pilgrimage = Hajj, pilgrimage to Makka, once in a lifetimeLesser pilgrimage = Umra, voluntary pilgrimage
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Jihad
EffortGreater effort = inner Jihad, effort to release the bad qualitiesLesser effort = self-defense against aggressors
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Sharia Law
Followed Muhammad’s customs (Sunna) as example(4 sources)1st source: Quran (Sura = chapters)2nd source: Hadith = narration of Muhammad’s sayings3rd source: Ijma = consensus of religious scholars4th source: Qiyas = analogy; uses independent reasoning (Ijtihad)
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Fatwa
Legally binding religious proclamation to the person who states it
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Mutazilities
Founded by Wasil-Believed there was an intermediary between heaven/hell-God is One. He has no attributes
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Al-Mamun
Khalifa who was a Mutazilite (813-833)-imprisoned Ibn-Hanbal who was a famous religious leader who refused his request-Believed God had no speech, Quran was created by God-Opened the House of Wisdom, responsible for translating Greek works to Arabic
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Beliefs of the Mutazilites
-intermediary between heaven and hell-God is One. He has no attributes.-God is just. He cannot change his mind or he will be deceiving Muslims-Human beings are free. God gives human beings freedom-Human reasoning is capable of understanding everything-The values of things are in the objects (beauty in a painting)
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Abu al-Hasan al-Ashari
IDK
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Asharites
Believed the opposite of Mutazilites-No intermediary between heaven and hell-God has attributes because he said he did-God is just-Human reasoning is limited to what the Quran says-Human beings have freedom, but God predestines life-Values are only in God’s mind
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Acquisition Theory
human capacities are predestined, but the action is up to the human (responsibility)
