1
Q
What is monotheism?
A
Belief in one god
2
Q
What does omniscient mean?
A
All-knowing
3
Q
What does immanent mean?
A
The belief that God is nearby and we can feel His presence
4
Q
What does omnibenevolent mean?
A
All-loving
5
Q
What does omnipotent mean?
A
All-powerful
6
Q
What are the 3 characters of the Holy Trinity?
A
- Father
- Son
- Holy spirit
7
Q
Who is the Son in the Holy Trinity?
A
Jesus
8
Q
What is original sin?
A
The sin all humans are born with due to Adam and Eve’s disobedience
9
Q
What is ‘The Fall’?
A
The moment when humans first sinned by disobeying God, when Adam and Eve ate the fruit which introduced original sin.
10
Q
What do all Christians agree about God’s creations?
A
- God created the universe
- God cares for his creations, even in a broken state
- Human beings are made in God’s image but are sinful and lack perfection
11
Q
What is:
1) Moral evil
2) Natural evil
A
- Moral evil is acts of humans which are morally wrong (e.g. murder)
- Natural evil is natural, but unpleasant events (e.g. earthquakes)
12
Q
What are Jesus’ titles?
(Name as many as you can)
A
- Son of God
- Son of Man
- The Messiah
- The Lord and Saviour
- Immanuel
- Lamb of God
- Alpha and Omega
- King of Jews
13
Q
What is sacrifical love?
A
Love where God and other people are placed above yourself.
14
Q
What is agape love?
A
Selfless and unconditional love that seeks the well-being of others
15
Q
How would Christians practice agape love?
A
- Forgive each other
- Help each other when in need
- Work to achieve peace
16
Q
What are the Beatitudes?
A
Blessings which Jesus explained to his followers during the Sermon on the Mount.
17
Q
Why do Christians believe that Jesus was crucified?
A
- God can understand human pain and suffering
- It was a sacrifice that God took as a punishment for human sin
18
Q
What does Jesus’ resurrection show?
A
God’s power over life and death
19
Q
What is Jesus’ Ascension?
A
Jesus’ return back to heaven
20
Q
What did Jesus’ ascension signify?
A
The end of Jesus’ life and work on Earth
21
Q
What is atonement?
A
The belief that Jesus’ death on the cross resolved problems between humans and God
22
Q
What is salvation?
A
Being saved from eternity in hell through repentance and Jesus’ death on the cross
23
Q
What is repentance?
A
Apologising to God for sin
24
Q
What does God’s grace mean for believers?
A
If one has faith in Christ, humans have his blessing even if they are imperfect and sinful
25
What is purgatory?
A Roman Catholic belief where the sinful are purified in a cleansing fire, after which they are accepted into heaven
26
Which Churches only permit marriage between a man and a woman?
- Anglican
- Catholic
- Methodist
27
What does the Church of England teach about marriage?
Throughout the course of a couple’s life, they should learn to love one another
28
What does the Catholic Church teach about marriage?
It creates an unbreakable bond between the couple and it cannot be dissolved
29
Which Churches believe that marriage is a sacrament?
- Catholic
- Orthodox
30
What does the Quaker Church teach about marriage?
Only God can join the couple together, meaning they have no minister to lead the ceremonies
31
What is liturgical worship?
A form of worship where the congregation responds to the person or people leading the service by reading set words from a service sheet or book, following a set structure.
32
What is non-liturgical worship?
A more spontaneous form of worship with little pre-organisation
33
Which churches use liturgical worship?
- Roman Catholic
- Orthodox
- Anglican
- Methodist
34
Which churches use non-liturgical worship?
Protestant and non-conformist churches, such as:
- Bapitst
- United reformed
- Presbyterian
35
What is charismatic worship?
Worship that highlights the Holy Spirit's presence with expressive singing and spontaneous prayers
36
What is individual worship?
The act of worshipping in private
37
What is a sacrament?
A ritual through which the grace of God can be received
38
What 7 sacraments does the Roman Catholic Church believe in?
- Baptism
- Eucharist
- Confirmation
- Reconciliation
- Marriage
- Holy orders
- Anointing of the sick
39
What is baptism?
The ritual of initiation, typically using water, to symbolize purification and admission into the faith.
40
What is a Eucharist?
The sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, where bread and wine is consumed, symbolizing the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
41
What is reconciliation?
The sacrament where believers confess their sins to a priest and receive forgiveness
42
What is transubstantiation?
The belief that Jesus is physically present in the bread and wine offered at Eucharist
43
What is consubstantiation?
The belief that Jesus is spritiually present in the bread and wine offered at Eucharist
44
How might Christians worship during a church service?
| (Name as many as you can)
- Prayers
- Meditation
- Hymns
- Chanting
- Sermon
- Hymns
- Eucharist
- Bible readings
- Lighting candles
- Speaking in tongues
- Liturgical
- Non liturgical
- Charismatic
45
What are the 4 places of Christian pilgrimage?
- Lourdes
- Jerusalem
- Walsingham
- Rome
46
Why do people go to Lourdes on pilgrimage?
In 1858, a girl named Bernadette had a series of visions from God. A spring appeared at the site of the visions and today the water is believed to have healing powers.
47
Why do people go to Jerusalem on pilgrimage?
It is where Jesus lived towards the end of his life and where he died
48
Why do people go to Walsingham on pilgrimage?
In the 11th century, Richeldis de Faverches had a vision of the Virgin Mary's home in Nazareth. The lady was told to build the home according to how she saw it in her vision.
49
Why do people go to Rome on pilgrimage?
It is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church
50
When is Easter celebrated?
At the end of Holy Week
51
What happens on Ash Wednesday?
Churches have special Eucharist services to mark the start of Lent. Christians will have a cross marked on their forehead made of ashes to remind the of the death and resurrection of Jesus
52
What happens on Palm Sunday?
The beginning of Holy Week is marked and it recalls Jesus riding on a donkey into Jerusalem
53
What happens on Maundy Thursday?
Commemorates the Last Supper, when Jesus washed the feet of his disciples
54
What happens on Good Friday?
The commemoration of the Passion and death of Christ by crucifixion
55
What is celebrated on Easter Sunday?
The ressurection of Jesus and victory over sin
56
What is a rite of passage?
A ceremony that marks the transition of one phase of life to another
57
What is evangelism?
The act of sharing the Christian gospel to encourage others to accept Jesus Christ and embrace Christianity
58
What is ecumenism?
The idea of uniting Christians by bringing together all denominations
59
What are the common features in a funeral service?
- Bible reading
- Prayers
- Rememberance of a person's life
- The minister reminding the congregation about Christian beliefs on life and death
60
What is Parousia?
The 2nd coming of Jesus, signifying His return to Earth for the final judgement on everything.
61
What does fidelity in a marriage mean?
To remain faithful and commited to your partner, not commiting adultery
62
For Christians, marriage is...
| (List as many as you can)
- A joyful commitment to the end of their lives
- A gift from God
- The unification of a man and a woman
- The foundation of family life
- A sign of unity and loyalty
- A way of life made holy by God
63
What is a civil partnership?
A legal relationship between 2 people that provides similar rights and responsibilities to marriage, often established for same-sex couples.
64
What is the Catholic view on same-sex marriage?
It is denied
65
What is the Anglican view on same-sex marriage?
It is denied
66
What is the Methodist view on same-sex marriage?
It is accepted
67
What is the Quaker view on same-sex marriage?
It is accepted
68
What is pre-marital sex?
Sex before marriage
69
What is cohabitation?
Living with a partner without being married
70
What is abstinence?
| (In Christianity)
No sex until marriage
71
What is monogamy?
Having one sexual partner for life
72
What is adultery?
Having sex with someone who isn't your partner
73
What is fornication?
Sex between 2 people who aren't married to each other
74
What is celibacy?
Not having sex at all
75
What is the Catholic view on contraception?
- Artificial contraception is sinful because God gave sex for reproduction
- Natural forms of contraception are allowed such as rhythm method
76
What is Pope John Paul VI's Humanae Vitae?
A formal document issued by the Pope Paul VI that opposes artificial contraception and supports natural family planning.
77
What is prejudice?
Judgements made on a person beforea ny reason or actual experience of them
78
What is discrimination?
Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people
79
What is stereotyping?
Representations of a whole group based on a common characteristic of that group
80
What is annulment?
A legal procedure that is ends a marriage by declaring it null and void
81
What are the 6 Articles of Faith in Sunni Islam?
- Tawhid
- Malaikah
- Kutub
- Nubuwwah
- Akhira
- Al-Qadr
82
What is Tawhid?
Belief in one God
83
What is Malaikah?
Belief in angels
84
What is Kutub?
Belief in holy books
85
What is Nubuwwah?
Belief in prophets
86
What is Akhirah?
Belief in Day of Judgement and the afterlife
87
What is Al-Qadr?
Belief in predestination
88
What are the 5 roots of Shi'a Islam?
- Tawhid
- Al-Adl
- Nubuwwah
- Imamate
- Al Ma'ad
89
What is Al-Adl?
Belief in divine justice
90
What is Imamate?
Belief in Imams
91
What is Al-Ma'ad?
Belief in the Day of Resurrection
92
What are the key Muslim beliefs about Allah?
- He is infinite
- He is omnipotent
- He is omniscient
- He sees all creation
- He is merciful and benevolent
- He is transcendent and immanent
- He is fair and just
93
What are the differing beliefs between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims?
Sunnis believe that Abu Bakr should've been the successor of Muhammad, followed by Umar, Uthman and Ali
Shi'as believed that Ali should've been the successor of Muhammad. So Shi'a Muslims don't acknowledge the 3 Caiphs before Ali
94
What is occultation?
The Shi'a belief that the 12th Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, isn't dead, but is being hidden by Allah.
95
What is predestination?
The belief that all events have been willed by Allah
96
What is Risalah?
Communication between Allah and man in the form of books, angels and prophets.
97
What is Al-Jannah?
Paradise
98
What is Iblis?
Satan
99
What was Laylut ul-Qadr?
**The Night of Power**
An event which could happen on any of the last 10 days of Ramadan. It is the day when the Qu’ran was first revealed to Muhammad.
100
What was Lailat ul Miraj?
**The Night Journey**
When an angel woke Muhammad from his sleep and took him to Jerusalem on a winged horse named al-Buraq. Some Muslims believe that it wasn't a journey, but a spiritual experience.
101
How was the word of God given to humans?
Through written form, including:
- **The Tawrat** (Torah) of Musa, containing Allah's revelation to Moses.
- **The Zabur** (Psalms) of Dawud, containing Allah's revelation to David.
- **The Injil** (Gospel) of Isa, containing Allah's revelation to Jesus.
- **The Suhuf-i-Ibrahim** (Scrolls of Abraham), containing Allah's revelation to Abraham.
- **The Qur'an**, Allah's final revelation
102
What other sources of wisdom are there for Muslims in the modern world?
- **The Sunna**, containing records on what Muhammad did.
- **The Hadith**, containing information on what Muhammad said.
103
What was the first thing Allah created?
Angels, made from Nur (divine light)
104
Which angels are mentioned in the Qur'an?
- Jibra'il
- Izra'il
- Israfil
- Mika'il
105
What does Jibra'il do?
Known as the chief angel, bought Allah's message to Muhammad and all other prophets.
106
What does Izra'il do?
Known as the angel of death, is responsible for the ending of each person's life by taking their final breath.
107
What does Israfil do?
Known as the angel of the Last Judgement, he will blow his trumpet to announce the Day of Resurrection.
108
What does Mika'il do?
Known as the guardian of heaven
109
What is Barzakh?
The time inbetween a person's death and the Day of Judgement
110
What is Jahannan?
Hell
111
What is martyrdom?
Being killed in defence of, or struggle for your faith
112
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
- Shahadah
- Salah
- Zakah
- Sawm
- Hajj
113
What is Shahadah?
A declaration of faith that consists of the statement "There is not God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah"
114
What is Salah?
Praying 5 times a day
115
What is Zakah?
When Muslims give 2.5% of their wealth to those in need
116
What is Sawm?
Fasting during the month of Ramadan during daylight hours
117
What is Hajj?
The obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
118
How many daily prayers are there in Islam?
5
119
What are the 5 daily prayers in Islam?
| (In order if you can)
- Fajr
- Zuhr
- Asr
- Maghrib
- Isha
120
What is a minaret?
The tower of a mosque
121
What is an adhan?
A call to prayer
122
What is the muezzin?
The person who gives the adhan
123
What is an iqmah?
The second call to prayer, made in the mosque
124
What is niyyah?
A Muslim's intention to worship Allah with a pure heart
125
What is Wudu?
The ritual washing that a Muslim must do before prayer
126
What is Jummah prayer?
A congregational prayer that takes place during Zuhr every Friday
127
What is ummah?
The unity of Muslims
128
What is a Du'a?
A private prayer in which Muslims bring their concerns to Allah
129
What is nisab?
The minimum net worth of an individual required to pay zakah
130
What is khums?
An Islamic tax of 20% on Shi'a Muslims, from a person's excess earnings
131
What is haram?
An act which is forbidden in Islam
132
What is Taraweeh?
Prayers said every night at the mosque during Ramadan
133
What is a muttaqi?
A person fully obedient to Allah
134
What is taqwa?
The development of obedience to Allah
135
Why might a Muslim be exempt from going on Hajj?
- Being physically unable
- Being financially insufficient
136
What is Id-ul-Adha?
Known as the '**Festival of Sacrifice**', happens at the end of hajj every year. It remembers the time when Allah tested Ibrahim by asking him to sacrifice his son, which he attempted to do. This shows his obedience to God.
137
How do Muslims prepare for Id-ul-Adha?
- Bismillah is said
- An animal is selected for sacrifice. The animal's meat is divided into 3 equal portions. 1 to be kept, 1 for friends and relatives and 1 for the poor and needy
138
What is the significance of Id-ul-Adha?
- Demonstrate's a Muslim's willingness to make sacrifices for Allah
- An opportunity for Muslims to be thankful to Allah for his provision
- Develops a sense of ummah
- Sign of support for those on hajj completing their animal sacrifice near Mecca
139
What is Id-ul-Fitr?
Known as '**the Day of Reward'**, it is the three day festival of fast-breaking after hardships of sawm during Ramadan
140
What is the significance of Id-ul-Fitr?
- Muslims forget about past disagreements
- Thankfulness for all Allah does for them
- Enables them to look forward for their reward on the Day of Judgement
- Develops a sense of ummah
141
What is Id-ul-Ghadeer?
A Shi'a festival on the 18th Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. It marks the day on which Muhammad delivered his last sermon. Shi'a Muslims believe, that on this day, Muhammed appointed Ali as his successor.
142
What is the significance of Id-ul-Ghadeer?
Allows Shi'a Muslims to re-affirm their commitment to their first Imam, Ali.
143
What is Ashura?
A Shi'a festival taking place on the 10th of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic year. It is a day Muhammed dedicated to fasting. They also remember the death of Hussayn, the son of Ali
144
Which events does Ashura celebrate?
- The day that Nuh (Noah) left the ark
- The day that Musa (Moses) was saved from the Egyptians by Allah
145
What is the significance of Ashura?
- Hussayn's death is understood as a symbol of struggle against injustice and oppression
- Muslims can link themselves with Hussayn's suffering and death
- Many Shi'as believe this will help them on the Day of Judgement
146
What is greater jihad?
The inner struggle that a Muslim strives to control bad desires and intentions
147
What is lesser jihad?
The outer struggle often linked with military struggle
148
What is Munkar?
Striving against doing wrong
149
What is Maruf?
Seeking to do good
150
What is marriage for Christians?
The formal and legal union of a man and a woman by which they become husband and wife
151
What is the Mother's Union?
An organization that supports familes and communities through education, social justice and advocacy for women's rights, emphasizing the care and support for those in need.
152
What is a same-sex marriage?
The same as a civil partership, but allows a cermony to take place
153
What is pre-marital sex?
Sex before marriage
154
What is cohabitation?
Living with a partner without being married
155
What is contraception?
Artificial methods to prevent pregnancy after sex
156
What is abstinence?
No sex until marriage
157
What is monogamy?
Having 1 sexual partner for life
158
What is adultery?
Sex with someone who isn't your partner
159
What is fornication/promiscuity?
Casual sex
160
What is celibacy?
Not having sex at all
161
What is Christian complementarianism?
The belief that men and women were created differently to fulfil different, but complementary roles.
162
What is Christian egalitarianism?
The belief that men and women were created as equal
163
What is prejudice?
A judgement about a person or group of people without sufficient knowledge or experience
164
What is discrimination?
When people act on their prejudices and treat people unfairly or unjustly based on their differences
165
What is a stereotype?
Inaccurate representations of a group of people based on a common characteristic of some people in that group
166
What is the Unitarianism belief about God?
God is one being, Jesus was in some way a 'son' of God, but not literally God.
167
What is the Jevoah's Witness belief about God?
Rejection of the teaching of the Trinity. They argue Jesus was created by Jehovah and is not eternal.
168
How is God's goodness shown?
- Through his creations
- Through his laws
- Through judgement and justice
- Through salvation
169
How does God's creation show goodness?
Everything that he creates is described as 'good' in the Genesis
170
How does God's laws show goodness?
It shows that God desires people to do what is right
171
How does God's judgement and justice show goodness?
God will judge a human's life after they die, and determine their appropriate reward/punishment, depending on how good their life was.
172
How does God's salvation show goodness?
God chooses to offer humans forgiveness. He sent his son, Jesus, to die to cover human sin, making the ultimate sacrifice.
173
What is a theodicy?
An attempt to justify God and defend God against the problem of evil
174
What is the Augustinian Theodicy?
God created a perfect world. Evil is simply a lack of good. Evil is a result of Adam and Eve's original sin.
175
What is the Irenaeus Theodicy?
God made us in his image. We grow/develop into God's likeness in response to pain and suffering.
176
What is the Design Argument?
Simple objects like stones have been on Earth forever. But complex objects such as a watch needed designing and producing. For God, creations like the eye are complex and would have been created by God at the beginning.
177
What is the Cosmological (First Cause) Argument?
Based on causation, everything that exists must have a cause. The first cause must've been uncaused, otherwise the chain would be endless. The first cause must therefore be eternal and non-physical, this is God.
178
What is the Moral Argument?
Humans have an innate sense of what is right and wrong. This must originate from a source beyond us, such as God.
179
What is a miracle?
A wonderful event or act that cannot be explained by the laws of nature
180
What is a religious experience?
When people claim to have had a direct encounter with God
181
What is conversion?
An occasion or event that causes a person to adopt a belief in God
182
What is a mystical experience?
An overwhelming awareness of the presence of God, leading to feelings of awe and wonder.
183
What is a religious ecstasy?
A period of intense religious feeling
184
What are some examples of the following experiences?
- Conversion
- Mystical
- Vision
- Charismatic/ecstatic
**Conversion**
- Saul Paul
- Nicky Cruz
**Mystical**
- St Teresa of Avila
**Visions**
- St Bernadette
**Charismatic/ecstatic**
- Toronto Blessing
185
What is a prophecy?
A God-inspired prediction about a future event
186
What is speaking in tongues?
Speaking miraculously in a language unknown to the speaker, as the Holy Spirit enables them to.
187
What is terrorism?
Illegal use of violence to cause fear and intimdation
188
What is the Catholic view on terrorism?
A just war is an appropriate response
189
What is the Anglican view on terrorism?
Acceptance of lethal forces as a last resort against terrorists
190
What is a just war?
A war that meets certain criteria which make it justifiable
191
What is a holy war?
A war that is believed to be fought on behalf of God and with his support
192
What is the just war theory?
Christian philosphy attempting to reconcile three things:
- Taking human life is seriously wrong
- States have a duty to defend their citizens and justice
- Protecting innocent human life and defending moral values sometimes requires willingness to use force and violence
193
What is absolute pacifism?
Complete objection to all war and violence
194
What is conditional/contingent pacifism?
Belief that war and violence aren't good in principle, but accepted if neccessary
195
What is selective pacifism?
Only opposing wars which involve weapons of mass destruction
196
What is active pacifism?
Being a pacifist but wanting to do something against war and promote peace
197
What is social justice?
Fair treatment of people with respect and equal rights
198
What is disestablishmentarianism?
Belief that the links between church and the state should be separated
199
What is a faith school?
A school intended for students of a particular religious faith
200
What is a church school?
A school founded by or associated with the Church of England
201
What is secularisation?
The preference of scientific theories instead of religious ideas
202
What is the National Secular Society?
A British campaigning organisation which promotes secularisation and disestablishmentarianism
203
What are humanists?
People who emphasize human reasons, ethics and the importance of living a meaningful life in the present, without relying on supernatural beliefs or deities
204
What is rationalism?
Basing opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rahter than religion/emotion
205
What is the British Humanist Association?
An association of humanists who campaign for a fairer society and a secular state
206
What is a forced marriage?
Marriage where 1 or more of the parties are married without their consent and against their will
207
What is an arranged marriage?
A marriage where the bride and the groom are selected by their families
208
What is a child marriage?
A formal marriage or informal union before the age of 18
209
What is assisted suicide?
When a terminally ill patient asks someone to take their life away, this is active euthanasia
210
What is euthanasia?
The deliberate act of ending someone's life to end their suffering
211
What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?
**Active euthanasia** involves a direct action such as a lethal injection
**Passive euthanasia** involves withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment
212
What is abortion?
The termination or ending of a pregnancy, usually deliberately and through a medical process
213
What are the main methods of artificial pregnancy?
- In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
- Artificial insemination (AI)
214
What is IVF?
**In vitro fertilisation**
The bringing together of sperm and egg outside of a woman's body in labratory conditions
215
What is artifical insemination?
Collecting sperm and inserting it directly into a woman's uterus through non-sexual means
216
What is the Roman Catholic view on IVF and why?
**Opposes IVF**
Contraception doesn't happen through sex in IVF and concerns about use of spare embryos
217
What is the Church of England view on IVF?
Accepts IVF but understands why some may be opposed to it
218
What are the types of cloning?
- Gene cloning
- Reproductive cloning
- Therapeutic cloning
219
What is gene cloning?
Producing copies of segments of DNA
220
What is reproductive cloning?
Producing whole copies of an animal
221
What is therapeutic cloning?
Using embryonic stem cells to create tissues to replace damaged cells
222
What is exclusivism?
The idea that only on religion / denomination is true and others are therefore false
223
What is inter-faith exclusivism?
Exclusivism of Christianity and that other religions are false
224
What is intra-faith exclusivism?
Exclusivism of specific denominations of Christianity and that other denominations are false
225
What is inclusivism?
The belief that, although only one religion / denomination is true, aspects of truth can be found in other religions / denominations.
226
What is pluralism?
The belief that all religions are all true and equally valid
227
What is eccumenism?
The idea of creating greater unity and closeness between different denominations of Christianity
228
What is proselytisation?
The idea that it is a religious duty to persuade people to become members of a specific religion
229
What was created on each day of the Creation story in Genesis?
- **Day 1**: Light and dark
- **Day 2**: Sky
- **Day 3**: Land, sea and plants
- **Day 4**: Sun, moon and stars
- **Day 5**: Birds and fish
- **Day 6**: Animals and humans
- **Day 7**: God rested, and made it a day of rest (Sunday)
230
What are the features of Al-Jannah?
- Rivers
- Waterfalls
- Peace
- A garden
- Rich carpets and cushions
- Abundant food and fruits
- Goblets of wine
- Families reunited
GCSE
flashcards
Decks in class (19)
# Cards
-
Physics228
-
Biology385
-
Chemistry229
-
Maths42
-
RS230
-
Food Tests4
-
Computing127
-
History: Cold War46
-
History: Power and the People83
-
History: Germany80
-
History: Restoration England54
-
Working Scientifically11
-
English: Power and Conflict Poetry71
-
English: Romeo and Juliet32
-
English: An Inspector Calls30
-
English: Jekyll and Hyde32
-
RS Quotes: Christianity18
-
RS Quotes: Islam18
-
RS Quotes: Christian Perspective of the Modern World36
