1
Q
Religious Revival, put more focus on the individual rather than religious institutions.
A
Great Awakening
2
Q
Great Britain ordered that the colonies could only trade with them. Restricted the colonies and made them angry.
A
Mercantilism
3
Q
Colonies declared their separation from Great Britain.
A
Declaration of Independence
4
Q
The Supreme Law of the United States. Came into effect 1789. Delineates the frame of the federal government.
A
Constitution
5
Q
How the 3 branches control/balance each other
A
Checks and balances
6
Q
Limited access to U.S. citizenship to white immigrants—in effect, to people from Western Europe—who had resided in the U.S. at least two years and their children under 21 years of age.
A
Federal Naturalization Law of 1790
7
Q
First 10 Amendments to the Constitution
A
Bill of Rights
8
Q
Changes to the constitution.
A
Amendments
9
Q
The Supreme Court has the ability to overturn laws that are unconstitutional.
A
Judicial Review
10
Q
Balance with slave and free states, Maine was admitted as a free state, Missouri was a slave state. Created a line to separate free and slave states.
A
Missouri Compromise
11
Q
Forced movement of Native Americans from Southeast to the Oklahoma Territory. Ordered by the Indian Removal Act, pushed by President Andrew Jackson.
A
Trail of Tears
12
Q
An organized movement to end slavery.
A
Abolitionism
13
Q
An act that mandated runaway slaves must be returned to their owners, strengthened the act already included in the Constitution.
A
Fugitive Slave Law
14
Q
Supreme Court decision held that slaves were considered property and didn’t have a right to sue in a United States Court, and could never become citizens.
A
Dredd Scott Decision
15
Q
Lincoln’s speech given on the site of the famous Civil War Battle.
A
Gettysburg Address
16
Q
All slaves located in the rebelling states would be declared free. Issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863.
A
Emancipation Proclamation
17
Q
Providing jobs, schools, and training to ex-slaves when the Union Army occupied islands in South Carolina.
A
Sea Island Experiments
18
Q
Organization created after the Civil War (Reconstruction) to help former slaves find jobs, education and protection in society.
A
Freedman’s Bureau
19
Q
Organization formed after the Civil War to fight Reconstruction (rebuilding the south) policies and to terrorize newly freed African Americans.
A
Ku Klux Klan
20
Q
Civil Rights Amendment, was created to protect the rights of newly freed slaves, protects all Americans civil rights.
A
Fourteenth Amendment
21
Q
Supreme Court Case, voting rights case said that poll taxes, grandfather clause, literacy tests were all legal for allowing people to vote.
A
U.S v. Reese
22
Q
An agreement to farm property in exchange for giving part of your crop to the land owner.
A
Sharecropping
23
Q
Election agreement, Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican/North) is named the winner of the presidential election, in exchange for Reconstruction to end in the South.
A
Compromise of 1877
24
Q
Rules of segregation in the south. After the Civil War.
A
Jim Crow
25
Movie created to glorify the KKK. Based on a book called the Klansman. Reconstruction was bad, the north was bad.
"Birth of a Nation"
26
Speech by Booker T. Washington. It became a compromise with the south, to allow African American education and economic opportunities in exchange for not pushing civil rights.
Atlanta Compromise
27
Formed 1909, fight for civil rights for African Americans. Still exists today, still fights for equal rights.
NAACP
28
Based on Darwin’s theory of natural selection and evolution, but applied to humans in society.
Social Darwinism
29
Photographer/teacher, he took pictures of problems in society-Child Labor to bring attention to the problems.
Lewis Hine
30
Union formed by Samuel Gompers, fight for better working conditions, shorter hours, equal pay.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
31
Group organized to fight to end segregation and encouraged African Americans to vote. Led by Martin Luther King.
SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
32
Student organization that worked to increase voter registration in the South, helped to end segregation (Freedom Riders), Sit-ins
SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
33
Ended legal segregation in the south. Helped to create more rights in the workplace for women and minorities, increased equal education in schools after the Brown vs. Board ruling.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
34
A 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi that worked to expand African American voting in the south.
Freedom Summer
35
Court case in 1967, the court ruled that all laws prohibiting interracial marriages were unconstitutional.
Loving v. Virginia
36
Civil Rights leader, part of the Nation of Islam, encouraged Black Nationalism and was later assassinated by the Nation of Islam.
Malcolm X
37
A movement that grew out of the civil rights movement of the 1960s. It went against the idea of peaceful protest/passive resistance. It emphasized self protection and violence if necessary to defend yourself from an unjust system.
Black Power
38
Labor leader and Civil Rights Activist that dedicated his life to improving working conditions, treatment and pay for farm workers.
Cesar Chavez
39
Native American Civil Rights organization, founded in 1968, to encourage self-determination and establish recognition of their treaty rights.
AIM-American Indian Movement
40
Experiment done asking children to choose dolls that were similar in every way, but the color. Used to show the effects of segregation on children in schools.
Doll Test
41
1894 Railroad Strike and Boycott, protesting low wages. Strike was broken apart by the army.
Pullman Strike
42
African Americans leaving the southern states and migrating to Kansas after the Civil War. Escaping segregation laws in the South.
Exodusters
43
Government controlled land for Native Americans
Reservations
44
This was a plan to break apart reservations into individual plots, for Native Americans to farm. It was a failure.
Dawes Act
45
On December 29, 1890, US troops tried to disarm a group of Lakota Indians, a battle occurred resulting in the death of 25 U.S. soldiers and 200 Lakota Indians.
Massacre at Wounded Knee
46
Large farms established in the Western United States, mostly growing wheat.
Bonanza Farms
47
American soldier, bison hunter, showman. Known for his Wild West shows that showed a romanticized version of the West.
Buffalo Bill
48
Neighborhoods of specific ethnic groups located in large cities. Made up of immigrants that came to the United States.
Ethnic Communities
49
An informal agreement between the United States and Japan, where the United States promised to rescind Japanese segregation in exchange for immigration restrictions on Japanese laborers.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
50
Passed in 1882, this act limited the immigration of Chinese Laborers for 10 Years (it was extended after 10 years).
Chinese Exclusion Act
51
Immigration Center on the West Coast where Asian immigrants (mostly Chinese) were held before being released into the United States.
Angel Island
52
Established in poor neighborhoods, where middle-class residents lived with and helped poor residents, mostly immigrants, by providing everything from medical care and English classes to hot lunches for factory workers.
Settlement House
53
Type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting for the sake of attracting readers.
Yellow Journalism
54
Court case establishing laws that required separate facilities for blacks and whites were legal as long as the facilities were equal.
Plessy v. Ferguson
55
Fought between the U.S and the newly independent Philippines. The Philippines wanted to be an independent nation, the U.S. wanted it as a territory.
Filipino War
56
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine, declaration that said European countries should stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
Roosevelt Corollary
57
US funded Canal across Panama, also controversial because we took the land where it was built.
Panama Canal
58
Group against the U.S. annexation (taking control) of the Philippines.
Anti-Imperialist League
59
Strike of Coal Miners, President Roosevelt had to step in and negotiate between the miners and the owners.
Coal Strike of 1902
60
Conservationist and founder of the Sierra Club.
John Muir
61
Women’s Suffrage leader, founded the National Women’s Party, helped pass the 19th Amendment.
Alice Paul
62
A court ruling that said a law in Louisville, KY requiring racial segregation in housing was unconstitutional. The law was a violation of the 14th Amendment.
Buchanan v. Warley
63
It was created to influence public opinion during World War I (create propaganda). To encourage Americans to support the war, especially on the homefront.
Committee on Public Information
64
Peacekeeping organization created after World War I. The hope was that this organization could help work out the problems that led to WWI, to avoid another war. Organization was weak, no enforcement ability.
League of Nations
65
Created during World War I, the intention was to have more daylight hours to conserve resources/energy.
Daylight Savings Time
66
A series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 by the United States Department of Justice to capture and arrest suspected socialists, especially anarchists and communists, and deport them from the United States.
Palmer Raids
67
Strict restrictions put on immigration to the United States, meant to reduce immigration from Asia and Eastern Europe: originally 3% of population of immigrants from 1910, then 2% of the population of immigrants from 1890.
National Origins Act
68
Created in 1920 to protect the individual rights of American citizens.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU
69
Name given to women that were independent, would go out, drink, smoke, dance. Named for the dresses they would wear, and beads that would flap as they danced.
Flapper
70
Town in Florida, Black community of about 200 people. Violence broke out in the town after a white woman, in the neighboring town, accused a black man of assaulting her. A violent mob attacked the town, at least 8 people were killed. The town was burned, and then abandoned, and the residents settled in larger surrounding cities.
Rosewood
71
Coined by Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway, it described the generation that came of age during World War I (either fighting in the war or growing up with family and friends in war).
The Lost Generation
72
Rebirth of African American art, literature, culture, music, pride in African American culture. Harlem, NY was the center of this “rebirth”.
Harlem Renaissance
73
John T. Scopes challenged a Tennessee Law that outlawed the teachings of evolution. The trial became a national event with religion and science facing off in the courtroom.
Scopes Monkey Trial
74
Jamaican political activist, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Controversial figure, founded the Black Star Shipping Line, and encouraged the Back to Africa Movement.
Marcus Garvey
75
Supreme Court Case that allowed the sterilization of women because they were considered “feebleminded”.
Buck v. Bell
76
Homeless camps that were named after President Hebert Hoover because they blamed him for their economic problems.
Hoovervilles
77
A group of World War I Veterans that marched to Washington DC to demand the bonus they were promised for fighting in World War I. Bonus was supposed to be paid in 1945. They were asking for it early because they were desperate from the Great Depression.
Bonus Army
78
Wife of Franklin Roosevelt, she worked with women and minority groups to help gain rights and helped these groups during the Great Depression.
Eleanor Roosevelt
79
Taking people back to their country of origin. There were informal raids during the Great Depression to take people back to their countries (mostly Mexican-Americans) to open up jobs for white Americans.
Repatriation
80
Also known as the National Labor Relations Act. Created a labor relations board, allowed labor unions in industrial factories, and allowed them to bargain with their employers.
Wagner Act
81
Founded in 1943, Union to organize tenant farmers (sharecroppers), many were African Americans
Southern Tenant Farmers Union
82
Work program to hire Americans, and build infrastructure (bridges, roads, parks, schools)
WPA (Works Progress Administration)
83
Political leader who seeks support by appealing to desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than using a rational argument
Demagogue
84
No employment discrimination in the employment of workers in the defense industry (World War II) (had to hire African American and Jewish Workers)
Executive Order 8802
85
Secret project to develop the atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
86
Female cartoon character to encourage women to go to work in World War II
"Rosie the Riveter"
87
African American pilots who fought in World War II
Tuskegee Airmen
88
Became known for his shipbuilding and construction projects during World War II. His ships became known as Liberty Ships, welded
Henry Kaiser
89
Riots in Los Angeles, June 3-8, 1943, between US Servicemen and young latino and Mexican American residents. The conflict was over racial tensions, even though it was argued over delinquency and fashion.
Zoot Suit Riots
90
Students may not be required to salute the American Flag or recite the Pledge of Allegiance if it is contrary to their religious beliefs
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnett
91
Court Case where the Supreme Court ruled that Japanese-Americans could be interned due to military necessity.
Korematsu vs. U.S.
92
Munitions being loaded onto a ship blew up and killed 320 sailors and civilians. A month later, sailors refused to load munitions because of the danger and were arrested. Many of the officers were African American, white officers were cleared, African Americans were considered negligent.
Port Chicago
93
Created in 1938, to investigate disloyalty and rebel activities. The organization investigated public employees, private citizens and organizations thought to have Communist ties.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
94
Order passed by Truman in 1948, to desegregate the military
Executive Order 9981
95
Created in 1956, it built a system of interstate and defense highways across the United States. The highway system’s goal was to improve transportation, but to also make it easier to move the military or weapons across the United States (Cold War).
Interstate Highway Act
96
Pushing a situation to the farthest point without going “over the edge.” For example, putting Nuclear weapons in another country to threaten, but not actually launch. Cold War- Cuban Missile Crisis.
Brinkmanship
97
Book written in 1958 by John Kenneth Galbraith, it talked about most members of society achieving wealth after World War II, but there were members of society that did not achieve the same success.
The Affluent Society
98
Started in 1951, tv sitcom about an interracial couple living in New York.
"I Love Lucy"
99
Financial Assistance for soldiers/veterans, it provided help with tuition and fees, housing, books and supplies. It helped soldiers purchase housing and helped build the economy after World War II.
GI Bill
100
Built on the literary movement at the end of the 1940s and 1950s, it questioned the conformity and social norms of Post World War II society. Rebelled against mainstream American life and writing.
Beat Generation
101
President Lyndon Johnson’s program to address problems in America. It was created to aid in education, disease, funding for Medicare, urban renewal, conservation, and fight against poverty and crime.
Great Society
102
October 16, 1962 to October 29, 1962- Missiles were placed in Cuba by the Soviet Union to match US missiles placed in Turkey and Italy. It was a 13 day standoff where the U.S. (and the world) was concerned about the start of a nuclear war.
Cuban Missile Crisis
103
US Program that trains and deploys volunteers to help with international development and provide services in more than 60 countries around the world.
Peace Corps
104
10 year plan proposed by John F. Kennedy to foster economic cooperation between North and South America (countering communism in Cuba and the expansion of Communism).
Alliance for Progress
105
Leader of South Vietnam. He served as President, but ruled as a dictator. He was an ally of the United States, but his mistreatment of his people in the South led to him becoming increasingly unpopular.
Ngo Dinh Diem
106
Authorized President Lyndon Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and/or promote peace and security in Southeast Asia. It was controversial because the U.S. was not completely supportive of escalating involvement in Vietnam.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
107
Occurred in San Francisco during the Summer of 1967. Counterculture movement promoting peace, it was a counter to conservative views and escalating tensions in Vietnam.
"Summer of Love"
108
1968, the Tet was a New Year’s celebration in Vietnam, and there was supposed to be a ceasefire during the holiday. The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong launched a surprise attack on the South Vietnamese and US forces. This attack weakened US public support for the War.
Tet Offensive
109
March 16, 1968, Mass killing of 500 unarmed Vietnamese villagers in My Lai. The killing was carried out by US soldiers on a search and destroy mission.
My Lai Massacre
110
Information revealing the US Military’s plans for Vietnam over the years. The revealing part of it was that the US Presidents lied about their plans for the country.
Pentagon Papers
School
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
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