RTA

Question 1

What type of anion gap is associated with RTA

Answer 1

Normal anion gap - Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

Question 2

Type 1 RTA features

Answer 2

Distal
- inability to general acid urine (secrete H+) in distal tubule
Causes hypokalaemia
complications include nephrocalcinosis and renal stones
Idiopathic, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, sjogren’ s amphotericin B toxicity, analgesis nephropathy

Question 3

Type 2 RTA (proximal)

Answer 3

• Decreased HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule
  Causes hypokalaemia
  Complications include osteomalacia
  Causes include idiopathic, Fanconi syndrome, wilson’s, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- topiramate

Question 4

Type 3 RTA

Answer 4

Extremely rare
Carbonic anhydrase deficiency
Results in hypokalaemia

Question 5

Type 4 RTA

Answer 5

(hyperkalaemic)
reduction in aldosterone leads in turn to a reduction in proximal tubular ammonium excretion
causes hyperkalaemia
causes include hypoaldosteronism, diabetes