C rule
C says /s/ before e, i, or y
G rule
G says /j/ before e, i, or y
English words
English words do not end in i, u, v, or j
Silent E
Silent e makes the vowel say its name
Doubling rule
Double f, l, s, z after a short vowel at the end
Y rule
Y can act as a vowel or consonant
Greek CH
Greek ch often says /k/
PH rule
Ph says /f/ in Greek words
TION rule
Tion usually says /shun/
SION rule
Sion says /zhun/ or /shun/
Drop E
Drop silent e before adding a vowel suffix
Keep E
Keep e before consonant suffix
Change Y
Change y to i before adding suffix
Plural rule
Add es after s, x, z, ch, sh
K rule
Use ck after a short vowel
F rule
Use ff after a short vowel
L rule
Double l after short vowel
S rule
Double s after short vowel
Z rule
Double z after short vowel
TCH rule
Use tch after short vowel
DGE rule
Use dge after short vowel
OU rule
Ou has multiple sounds
OW rule
Ow has two sounds
GH rule
Gh may be silent or say /f/
